NSG 552 - Psychopharmacology

NSG 552 - Psychopharmacology

Exam 1

Question:

Characteristics of antipsychotic medications; -Low potency

Answer:

Low potency means low affinity to dopamine receptors, meaning increased doses are required.-High incidence of antiadrenergic, anticholinergic and antihistaminic side effects -Lower risk of EPS -More lethal in overdose due to QTC prolongation

ex; thorazine, mellaril

Question:

Characteristics of antipsychotic medications; -High potency

Answer: 1 / 4

High potency is a greater affinity of dopamine receptors, meaning decreased doses are required.-Less incidence of antiadrenergic, anticholinergic, and antihistamine -Greater risk of EPS

ex; haldol (given IM in acute agitation or psychosis), prolixin, stelazine

Question:

What are some examples of first generation antipsychotics?

Answer:

Chlorpromazine (thorazine), Thioridazine (mellaril), Loxapine (loxitane), Thiothixene (Navane), Perphenaizine (Trilaforn), Haldol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine

"ine" and "zines" + haldol

Question:

First-Generation Antipsychotics side effects

• what would be essential to obtain?
• what does it cause a blockade of?
• high risk for ______

Answer:

- prolonged QTC: obtain baseline EKG 2 / 4

• orthostasis; due to the blockade of α1 receptors
• elevated liver enzymes

- EPS: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism)

Question:

What are first generation antipsychotic side effects in men, and women?

Answer:

• Men = Gynecomastia (enlargement of breasts in males), erectile

dysfunction, low libido, galactorrhea

• Women = galactorrhea and absence of menses, low libido

Question:

Tardive Dyskinesia risk factors and management

Answer:

A mostly irreversible involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.

• rx factors; High doses, long duration, old age, women, hx of EPS, substance

abuse (heavy smoking), diabetes

• / 4

-Management: benztropine (Cogentin); Dose reduction; D/C med; switch to

an atypical antipsychotic; Clonazepam, Amantidine, Tetrabenazine. ...consider switching to Clozaril (lowest risk of TD)

Question:

What is torticollis?

Answer:

Contraction of neck muscles as a result from EPS tx; Congentin

Question:

in 2017, the first FDA-approved treatment for tardive dyskinesia is..?

Answer:

(Valbenazine=Ingrezza); Deutetrabenazine (Austedo)

Question:

What is AIMS testing for tardive dyskinesia patients?

Answer:

-It is a standardized assessment tool used by healthcare professionals to evaluate the presence and severity of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other involuntary movements.

• AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) testing initially, then Q3-6

months

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