NSG223 Exam 1 Study Guide

NSG223 Exam 1 Study Guide

Cardiomyopathy diagnostic tests (Ans- Chest x-ray (cardiomegaly) Echocardiography ECG Cardiac catheterization Endomyocardial biopsy

Cardiomyopathy pharmacological mgt (Ans- beta blockers; potassium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; digoxin, diuretics, and dysrhythmic agents.

Aortic or mitral valve débridement, excision, or replacement is required in what kind of patients?(Ans-

• Develop congestive heart failure despite adequate medical treatment
• Have more than one serious systemic embolic episode
• Develop a valve obstruction
• Develop a periannular (heart valve), myocardial, or aortic abscess
• Have uncontrolled infection, persistent or recurrent infection, or fungal

endocarditis Surgical valve replacement

• Have prosthetic valve endocarditis

Endocarditis primary symptoms (Ans- fever & heart murmur

Additional are petechiae, Olsner nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth spots, headache, stroke, HF, tachycardia, cardio/splenomegaly

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Endocarditis medical mgt (Ans-

• NSAIDs as antipyretics
• Long-term IV microbial therapy

Endocarditis Pathophysiology (Ans-

• Deformity or injury leads to clot formation
• Bacterial infections (Staph & Strep)
• Infection most frequently occurs from clustering vegetations

• Vegetations > 10mm = Left-sided heart endocarditis
• Pulmonary emboli = Right-sided heart endocarditis

Meds for Myocarditis (Ans- Penicillin’s, Amphotericin B

Myocarditis pathology (Ans- Viral infections or immune related (rheumatic fever, Crohn's, Lupus)

Pericarditis - nursing mgt (Ans- Analgesics, forward-leaning or sitting position to relieve pain, gradual increases in acivity

Pericarditis assessment (Ans-

• Evaluate patient in various positions
• presence of pericardial friction rub (hallmark sign) (creaky/scratch, louder

at exhalation)

• pt has to sit, lean forward, and hold their breath for rub to be heard

Pericardial effusion (Ans- abnormal accumulation of fluid b/w pericardial linings

• can accumulate and choke the heart (i.e., cardiac tamponade, impair v-

filling & pumping)

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