NSG550 / NSG 550 Exam 2 (Latest 2024 /
2025 Update): Diagnostic Reasoning for
Nurse Practitioners | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Wilkes
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: What can cause it to vary?
Age Sex Height Weight
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: Used to evaluate
Peop eval of lungs and pulmonary reserve response to bronchodilator therapy differentiate between restrictive and obstructive chronic pulmonary disease Determine capacity of lungs Inhalation allergy tests
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: What tests do they include?
Spirometry Airflow measurement Lung volume Lung capacity Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled from a maximally inflated lung position.What does a reduced forced vital capacity suggest?Obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases.Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) Volume of air expelled during the first second of FVC 1 / 4
What are the findings of FEV1 in obstructive pulmonary disease?Airways are narrowed Resistance to flow is high Numbers of FEV1 are less than predicted because not so much air can be expelled in 1 second.
FEV1: What are the findings in restrictive lung disease?
Decreased because amount of air originally inhaled is low, instead of airway resistance.What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive lung disease?80%.What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive lung disease?Less than 80% Under what condition will the FEV1 value reliably improve?With bronchodilator therapy with a spastic component to obstructive pulmonary disease exists.Normal results of Spirometry Greater than 80% of expected value
Airflow rate: When is it considered diminished?
Less than 60% of normal.What helps to increase airflow rate and by how much?20% by with bronchodilator Diagnosis of COPD requires what?Demonstration of persistent airflow limitation based on spirometry testing.After bronchodilator, FEV1/FVC of less than 70%.Classification of COPD severity is based on what?Assessment of spirometry testing at regular intervals COPD Risk factors Smoking Pollution exposure Genetic predispostion How does COPD compare with asthma? 2 / 4
Onset later in life.Slower progression of symptoms.Poorer response to inhaled therapy.Polysomnography Sleep study When is a polysomnography indicated?
When any person:
snores excessively Experiences narcolepsy Excessive daytime sleepiness Insomnia Motor spasms while sleeping Cardiac rhythm disturbances when sleeping.What does a polysomnography test most commonly diagnose?Sleep apnea
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What is a actigraphy?A watch that can be worn a few nights at home What is a bronchoscopy used for?Performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures What can you use a bronchoscopy for?Visualization of a tracheobronchial tree Transbronchial and Endobronchial biopsy Bronchoalveolar lavage Removal of foreign bodies Clots Mucus plugs Deployment of metallic stents.Aspiration of deep sputum Bleeding control What are some indications of bronchoscopy?hemoptysis malignancy 3 / 4
interstitial lung disease pulmonary infections Pleural effusion Pleural Tap Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis Why would you use a pleural tap?To determine the cause of an unexplained pleural effusion To relieve the intrathoracic pressure that accumulates with a large volume of fluid and inhibits respiration.What are transudates most frequently caused by?Congestive heart failure Cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome Hypoproteinemia What is the appearance of the transudates?Clear/serous, protein less than 3 What conditions are exudates most often found in?Inflammatory Infectious Neoplastic What is the appearance of exudates?Cloudy/turbid Increased WBC Protein more than 3 Low glucose pleural fluid/serum LCH more than 0.6 What is obtained before thoracentesis?Chest Xray Why is a chest xray obtained before thoracentesis?To ensure that the pleural fluid is mobile and accessible to a needle place in the pleural space.How do you diagnose Influenza?
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