NU 250 MENTAL HEALTH FINAL EXAM WITH 90
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
What organizational structure organizes diagnosis for psychiatric disorders on a developmental hierarchy? - ANSWER-The DSM-5
What are the five axis for the DSM IV? - ANSWER-Axis 1- psychiatric diagnoses,
Axis II- personality disorder,
Axis III- general medical conditions,
Axis IV- environmental stressors,
Axis 5- global functioning from 0-100
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States and established
economies worldwide? - ANSWER-Major depressive disorder: Nearly twice as
many women (6.5%) as men(3.3%) suffer from major depressive disorder every year.
What is the underlying etiology of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-The scientific consensus is it schizophrenia occurs with multiple inherited gene abnormalities combined with non genetic factors (e.g. viral infections, birth injuries, environmental stressors, prenatal malnutrition), altering the structures of the brain, affecting the brains neurotransmitter systems, and/or injuring the brain directly.
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Sigmund Freud described the personality structure in three distinct parts of a whole interactive system, what are they? - ANSWER-The Id, ego, and superego
In a mature and well adjusted individual, the three systems of the personality work together as a team under the administrative leadership of the ego. If the id is to powerful, the person will lack control over impulses; if the superego is too powerful, the person may be self critical and suffer from feelings of inferiority.
Briefly describe the Id - ANSWER-The Id is the source of all drives, instincts, reflexes, needs, genetic inheritance, and capacity to respond, as well as all the wishes that motivate us. At birth we all Id. The Id cannot tolerate frustration and seeks to discharge tension and return to a more comfortable level of energy, it lacks the ability to problem solve it is not logical and operates according according to the pleasure principle.
Briefly describe the ego - ANSWER-Within the first few years of life is the child begins to interact with others, the ego develops. The ego is a problem solver and reality tester. It is able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and objective reality and attempts to negotiate with the outside world. The ego follows the reality principle, which says to the the Id, "you have to delay gratification for right now", and then sets a course of action.
Briefly describe the superego. - ANSWER-The superego is the last portion of the personality to develop. It represents the moral component of personality. The superego consists of the conscious all the should not internalized from parents and the ego ideal all the should internalized from parents. the superego represents the ideal rather than the real it seeks perfection, as opposed to seeking pleasure or engaging reason.
How would you know that your patient has successfully exceeded the level of infancy? - ANSWER-According to Erikson, the patient will be able to successfully resolve the crisis of trust vs mistrust. 2 / 3
According to Freud the patient will have a mastery of gratification of oral needs.Will begin ego development. The outcome includes development of trust in the environment, with the realization that needs can be met.
With the knowledge you have acquired of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, how does this affect your care planning? - ANSWER-It is important to understand that physiological needs must be met before the patient can progress to safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem, self-actualization, and self transcendence.
Who developed the first systematic theoretical framework for psychiatric nursing in her ground breaking book interpersonal relations in nursing? - ANSWER- Hildegard Peplau
What are Hildegard Peplau main contributions through the theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing? - ANSWER-1. Engineered a major paradigm shift from focus on medical treatments to an interpersonal relation all model of nursing practice.
- Her theory is mainly concerned with the process by which the nurse helps
- The skills of the psychiatric nurses include observation, interpretation, and
- She promoted interventions to lower anxiety, with the aim of improving patients
patients make positive changes in their health care status and well-being.
intervention.
abilities to think in function and more satisfactory levels.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy and when is it used? - ANSWER-Cognitive behavioral therapy is an active, directive, time-limited, structured approach used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. it's based on the underlying theory that feelings and behaviors are largely determined by the way people think about the world and their place in it. Their cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions
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