NUR 105 Final 2
- Sodium (Na+)
Answer
135-145
vital for muscle contractions, nerve tranmissions, and water balance
- Sodium (Na+)
Answer maintained by kidneys and three hormones
aldosterone, ADH and NP
- low Na+ levels
- high Na+ levels
- hyponatremia
Answer no ADP and NP production aldosterone secreted
Answer no aldosterone production ADP and NP secreted
Answer low sodium
mild- headache 3% NS
severe- restlessness and seizures 1 / 4
caused by vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, inadequate salt intake 5% NS
- hypernatremia
Answer high Na+ cell shrinks caused by kidney failure, excess sweating, dehydration loses fluid not Na+
agitation, confusion, increased thirst, nausea, muscle twitching
0.9% NS D 1/5 NS
- diuretics
Answer promote Na+ loss
- potassium (K+)
Answer meat, fish, bananas, potatoes, orange juice, legumes, raw car- rots
foods low in K+- eggs, bread, cereal, grains, white rice, apples, cooked carrots
- hypokalemia
Answer causes- diarrhea, vomiting, TPN, water intoxication, diuretics, corticosteroids
muscle weakness, constipation, paralysis heart dysrhythmias fall prevention airway
- hypokalemia 2 / 4
Answer dilute potassium med in beverage due to strong unpleasant taste IV - no more than 1 MEQ/10 ml no more than 5-10 MEQ/hr NO IV PUSH severe tissue irritant
never IM or SQ larger vein the better
- hyperkalemia
- hyperkalemia
Answer causes- kidney failure, K+ sparing diuretics, tissue damage, diabetes cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, asytole muscle twitching diarrhea
Answer if kidney disease is present patient may require Kayexalate Kayexalate- promotes K+ excretion through intestines
moving K+ from ECF to ICF - insulin monitor for hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
- Calcium (Ca+)
Answer
9.0-10.5
maintains bone strength and density, muscle contractions, nerve transmissions and allows blood to clot
absorption requires vitamin D
parathyroid hormone is released when more is needed in cells absorbed through intestinal tract 3 / 4
- hypocalcemia
Answer causes- lactose intolerance, kidney disease, diarrhea, immobility
muscle spasms, twitching positive Chostek's sign positive Troussea's sign tingling, numbness seizures high risk for bleeding hypotension
- hypocalcemia
- hypercalcemia
Answer oral or IV vitamin D reduce noise, visitors and lighting implement seizure precautions
Answer excessive intake of Ca+ or vitamin D kidney failure, diuretics, hyperparathyroidism eating a lot of tums low nerve and muscle response faster clotting times
stroke and DVT risk muscle weakness constipation
- best indicator fluid losses or gains
Answer changes in daily weights
- 2.2 lbs
- / 4