NUR 108 Coronary Artery Disease
- Coronary Artery Disease
Answer Occurs when the coronary arteries are not able to supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands, particularly during times of physical exertion or mental stress.
This is called myocardial ischemia and could eventually lead to necrosis of the heart tissue Progressive disease that develops in stages. Once symptomatic, disease process is usually well advanced.
- Atherosclerosis
Answer Most common cause of coronary artery disease.
Plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances As blockage in a coronary artery increases, new blood vessels may develop that reroute blood flow "around" the blocked artery During times of increased exertion or stress, these new arteries may not be able to supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands
- Major Risk Factors of CAD
Answer Cigarette smoking Hypertension
Elevated total and LDL cholesterol Low HDL cholesterol Diabetes mellitus Older age
- Predisposing Risk Factors
Answer Physical inactivity Obesity
Family hx of premature coronary disease Ethnicity Psychosocial factors 1 / 2
- Metabolic Syndrome
Answer Cluster of conditions occurring together, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Increased BP Elevated insulin levels (cell resistance) Excess body fat around the waist Abnormal cholesterol levels
- Lab Tests for CAD
Answer CBC Blood glucose
Lipid profile Blood cultures Clotting studies Cardiac enzymes C-reactive protein (CRP) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Diagnostic Tests for CAD
Answer ECG Echocardiogram
Stress Test Coronary Catheterization CT Scan MRI Ankle brachial index (ABI)
- Symptoms of CAD
Answer May be asymptomatic
Chest Pain (Angina) - pressure or tightness in your chest, may be fleeting or sharp, and may be noticed in the abdomen, back or arm. Triggered by physical or emotional stress. Typically goes away within minutes Shortness of Breath (especially at rest) Extreme Fatigue with Exertion
- Complications of CAD
- / 2