NUR 108 Exam 1
- Hyperplasia
Answer increase in number of cells
- Hypertrophy
Answer increase in cell size
- Dysplasia
Answer bizarre growth causing cells of different size, shape, and arrangment
- Neoplasia
Answer new cell growth not needed for normal body cell growth
- Anaplasia
Answer without shape or differentiation
cells loose the specific appearance of parent cell and become poorly defined
- Metastasis
Answer cancer cells move from primary location to remote sites
- Local Seeding
Answer 1 / 3
shredding of cancer cells in a local area - ie ovarian cancer surgery is very precious as any cells left behind will seed more cancer
- Bloodborne Metastasis
Answer Blood vessels penetrate tumor and cells are transport- ed throughout the body
- Lymphatic Spread
Answer tumor penetrated the lymphatic system, most common with head, neck, and groin cancers where there are more lymphatic cells
- BenignTumors
Answer Well differentiated, slow rate of growth, normal mitosis, usually cohesive, well defined borders, encapsulated, no metastasis, doesn't recur
- Malignant Tumors
Answer Anaplasia, erratic growth, numerous mitosis, locally inva- sive, metastasis is common, can recur
- Diagnosis of Cancer
Answer Colorectal screening, mamogram, PAP smear and HPV test, Prostate Exam, DRE, PSA, Tumor Marker Tests, Imagine (PET and CT scans) Direct Visualization
- Grading Tumor
Answer Describes how malignant the cancer is, directs the prognosis and the therapy.
- Grade 1 Tumor
Answer 2 / 3
tumor cells well differentiated; close resemblance to tissue of origin and, thus, retaining some specialized functions
- Grade 4 Tumor
Answer tumor cells very poorly differentiated; abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumor's tissue origin is difficult; extreme variation in size and shape of tumor cells
- Tumor Staging
Answer determines the exact location of cancer and the degree of metastasis
- Stage 3
Answer The tumor has spread into the lymphones
- Stage 4
Answer Tumor has spread from lymph to distant parts
19. T, N, M
Answer T = Primary Tumor Stage N = regional Lymph nodes involved M = distant metastasis Tis, N0, M0 is the best grade
- Cancer and Viruses
Answer Viruses disrupt the normal growth and division of cells in a host, cause abnormal growth and create tumours
HPV = Herpes Virus = Cervical, Head, Neck, Throat Cancers
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