NUR 108 Final Review
- Parenteral Routes of Administration
Answer •16 gauge for clients who have trauma
• 18 gauge during surgery and blood administration
22-24 gauge for children , older adults, and clients who have medical issues or are stable postoperatively
Peripheral veins in the arm or hand are best.
- Enteral Medication Administration
Answer Sub-Lingual - Under the tongue. Buccal- Between cheek and gum
No eating or drinking while medication is dissolving. Keep medication in place until it has dissolved.
- Enteric Coated Meds
Answer Avoid crushing, chewing, or cutting
- Ear Drops Administration
Answer For and adult pull the auricle up and back.
For a child < 3-year-old pull the auricle down and back. Do not press a cotton ball deep into the ear canal.Have the client remain in the side-lying position for 2-3 minutes after instilling ear drops.
- Pharmacokinetic Phase 1 / 2
Answer Must monitor BUN, creatinine, and urine output with the kidney
- BUN > than 20 2.Creatinine > 1.3
3.Urine output <30 mL/hr.
- The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body.
- The drug dissolves from a solid form to a liquid form in the GI tract to be absorbed by the
- Solid drug forms (tablets & capsules) will dissolve in the stomach and esophagus.
- Enteric coated tablets and time release capsules do not disintegrate until they reach the
body.
alkaline environment in the small intestine.
- What is a half-life?
Answer Refers to the time for the medication in the body to drop by 50%. Half-life is important in planning the frequency of dosing.
- First Pass Effect
Answer The liver inactivates some medication on their first pass through the liver. For a medication to produce a therapeutic effect the dose may need to be increased if given orally or it may need to be given via IV.
- Toxicity
Answer •Ototoxicity - 8th cranial nerve. Monitor for tinnitus. This is ringing in the ears. Monitor for vertigo which is dizziness.
æHepatotoxicity - Liver. Monitor AST and ALT. May experience jaundice this is yellowing of the sclera and skin. Avoid alcohol and acetaminophen.
æNephrotoxicity- Kidney issues. Monitor BUN, creatinine, and urine output.
- Hypersensitivity Reaction
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Answer