NUR 108 Hypertension
- Blood pressure (BP)
Answer is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessel and is the function of cardiac output, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance.
- Cardiac output (CO)
- The total blood flow through the systemic or pulmonary circulation each minute.
Answer
- Stroke volume (SV)-
Answer The amount if blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each beat (approximately 70 ml of blood) multiplied by the heart rate (HR)
- Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Answer Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is the force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels. The radius of the small arteries and arterioles is the principal factor determining SVR.
• Narrowing of any of the blood vessels increases resistance • Dilating of blood vessels decreases resistance Small changes in the radius of the arterioles creates major changes in SVR
- Cardiovascular Control Center
Answer Cardiovascular Control Center is part of the autonomic nervous system located in the Medulla Oblongata responsible for regulation of cardiac output. It is made up of three distinct components 1 / 3
cardio-accelerator center, cardio-inhibitor center, vasomotor center.
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Answer Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) cardio-accelerator center stimulates cardiac function, regulates heart rate(HR) and Stroke volume (SV)
- Parasympathetic Nervous System(PNS)
Answer Parasympathetic Nervous Sys- tem(PNS) cardio-inhibitor center (stimulated from the vagus nerve) slows cardiac function, and decreases HR and SV. Example
Carotid massage.
- Vasomotor center-
Answer Vasomotor center- controls vessel tone or contraction of the smooth muscle in the vascular endothelium (tunica media). Changes in diameter affect peripheral vascular resistance, pressure and flow which in turn affect cardiac output.
- Baroreceptors
Answer Baroreceptors detect changes in the tension of the arterial wall and send signals from the baroreceptors to the medulla to regulate BP
EX
Answer located in aortic arch and carotid sinus
- Baroreceptor reflex
Answer Baroreceptor Reflex Signals are sent from t tors to the medulla to regulate BP he barorecep- 2 / 3
- afferent pathway
Answer Afferent pathway - carry signals from the periphery to the central nervous system (autonomic nervous system comprising of sympathetic and parasympathetic)
- Efferent Pathway
Answer Efferent Pathway - carry signals from the brain to the periph- ery
- vascular endothelium
Answer the single layer that lines blood vessels
- Nitric Oxide
Answer secreted by endothelial cells causes vasodilation
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- fight or flight
Answer
- prepares the body for stress
-cortisol and adrenaline -increases HR and blood pressure -decreases digestion
- parasympthetic nervous system
- / 3
Answer -rest and digest