NUR 110 Endocrine Disorders

NUR 110 Endocrine Disorders

1. T/F

Insulin is a hormone

Answer True

• Function for Insulin

Answer @ Transport

glucose and protein into cells @ Protect fat from being broken down @ Push K+ in cells

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 cause

Answer @ Autoimmune disease @ Genetics

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 patho

Answer Autoimmune dysfunction destroys beta cells; insufficient insulin production

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 causes

Answer @ Lifestyle ’ obesity, bad diets, trunkal obesity @ Aging ’ middle adults (40s-50s) @ Ethnicity ’ African, Native & Hispanic Americans 1 / 3

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patho

Answer @ Chronic hyperglycemia and constant insulin production - cells become insulin resistant (endogenous)

@ Pancreatic fatigue - pancreas stop producing insulin d/t body not using it. Beta cells still intact

• Become insulin dependent diabetic

• S/S of Diabetes Mellitus

Answer THREE Ps

• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Polyphagia

@ Acanthosis Nigricans @ Fatigue @ Weight changes • Type 1 - skinny, cannot gain weight bc there is no insulin to protect the fat • Type 2 - obese and cannot lose weight bc there is too much insulin in circulation protecting the fat

• Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostics

Answer @ Random blood

@ Fasting blood glucose - 70-100 Norm, 100-125 Pre, >126 Dia @ HgbA1c or A1c

<5.7 Norm, 5.7 to 6.4 Pre, >6.5 Dia

• Covers a 3-month period

@ oral glucose tolerance test - <140 Norm, 140-199 Pre, >200 Dia

• Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Answer @ Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) 2 / 3

• Stressor - infection, surgery, emotional

• DKA - Type 1 Patho

Answer @ Stressor ‘ metabolic demands @ Cortisol and glycolysis ’ blood glucose rises

@ Lack of insulin = no glucose for cellular use ’ body break down fat causing ketones = acids

11. DKA S/S

Answer D - Dry & high sugar 250-500+ K - Ketone & Kussmuals A - Abd pain A - Acidosis (metabolic) 7.35

• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) Type 2

Answer @ Unknown development for DM2 @ Stressor

• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) Type 2 patho

Answer @ Stressor ‘ metabolic demand

@ Cortisol and glycolysis ’ insulin resistance = no glucose for cellular use - fat remain protected

• HHS s/s

Answer H - High sugar 600+

H High fluid loss & extreme dehydration H - Head LOC ” N - No ketones, No acid

• / 3