NUR 110 Test 7
- innate immunity
Answer Everyone is born with innate immunity (or natural) a type of general protection.
- Example of innate immunity
Answer Skin acts as a barrier to block germs from entering the body, and the immune system recognizes when certain invaders are foreign and could be dangerous.
- adaptive immunity
Answer Adaptive or active immunity develops throughout our lives. We develop adaptive immunity when we're exposed to diseases or immunized against them with vaccines.
- Passive immunity
Answer Borrowed from another source and it lasts for a short time.
- Example of passive immunity
Answer antibodies in a mother's breast milk give a baby temporary immunity to diseases the mother has been exposed to
- What are factors that can decrease the body defense mechanisms against infections
Answer Stress, age, previous infection.
- What groups are most vulnerable to catching infections
Answer 1 / 4
Young children and older adults.
- What happens to older adults skin as they age
Answer Becomes less elastic and more prone to breakdown with aging. Elders are also less active and their nutrition may be inadequate.
- What is the first line of defense?
Answer Skin. A break in the skin whether caused by surgical incision, injury, skin breakdown, insect bite or insertion of an IV needle creates a portal of entry for infectious microorganisms.
- What is a risk factor for pulmonary infections
Answer Smoking is a major risk factor for pulmonary infections because it interferes with normal respiratory functions, including the ability to move the chest, cough, sneeze or have full air exchange.
- substance abuse
Answer Curbs hunger. As a result, many chronic alcohol users do not consume an adequate diet, leading to vitamin, mineral and protein deficiencies.
- What environmental factors can increase exposure to pathogens?
Answer Hospi- tals, nursing homes, childcare areas, schools.
- Medications are a factor that decrease body defenses against infection because
Answer Those that lower the immune system like transplant patients, stress, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, chronic diseases.
- Standard Precautions 2 / 4
Answer The first tier of protection, are for patients with known or suspected infection or colonization of pathogens.
- How can pathogens be transmitted
Answer Contact, droplet or air.
- What is iCARE
Answer For all transmission based precautions, institution measures to counteract negative effects of isolation on patients.
- Tier 1 or standard precaution principle
Answer All blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain pathogens. 3 / 4
- contact precations
Answer For organism spread with direct contact with the patient or their environment, most common form of transmission.
- ex of contact precautions
Answer Antibiotic resistant bacteria such as ESBL, MRSA, C.diff (special contact)
- Droplet precautions
Answer For pathogen spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. Pathogens that do not remain infec- tious over long distances. E
- Examples of droplet precautions
Answer pneumonia, influenza, whooping cough, bacterial meningitis, rotavirus.
- Airborne precautions
Answer For small pathogens and remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air and are easily transmitted through air currents. (Fanning linens, ventilating systems)
- ex of airborne precautions
Answer TB, shingles
- Neutropenic precautions
- / 4
Answer Used for patients with low levels of WBC such as neutrophils, making the patient immune compromised.