NUR 1290 Pharmacology Final Exam Review
Half-Life (Ans- Time it takes for one half of the drug to be removed from the body.
Other: 5 half-lives for removal
Generic name (Ans- Universally accepted, less complicated terminology, most commonly used. The chemical name given to the drug, regardless of manufacturer.Printed in lower case letters.
Trade name (Ans- "Brand name"; the commercial name given by the pharma company (manufacturer). Has a capital letter or/and is in bold letters.
Enthopharmacology (Ans- Provides an expanded body of knowledge for understanding the specific impact of cultural factors on pt drug response.
Note: It is hampered by the lack of clarity in terms of race, ethnicity, &
culture.
Cultural Assessment (Ans- -Language spoken -Health beliefs & practices -Past use of medications -Over the counter drugs/ treatment -Herbal treatments, folk remedies, home remedies -Usual response to illness -Responsiveness to medical treatment -Religious practices & beliefs -Dietary restrictions 1 / 3
-Support from pt's cultural community
Adverse effects (Ans- Unintended, but expected side effects
Hypersensitivity (Ans- Allergic reaction
Idiosyncratic (Ans- Unexpected, caused by one's genetic make up
Absorption (Ans- The movement of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream
Route: Enteral
(Ans- (Slowest) Absorption through GI tract (oral) ex. tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups, suppositories
First pass effect (Ans- Liver breaks down drug before it reaches blood stream
Route: Sublingual, Buccal
(Ans- (Between Enteral & Topical) Absorbs quickly through oral mucosa (not GI)
Route: Topical
(Ans- (Medium speed) Application/ absorption through skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, vagina, rectum ex. aerosols, ointments, creams, pastes, inhalers, suppositories
Route: Parenteral
(Ans- (Fastest) 2 / 3
Injections (IV, IM, SC) ex. solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powder for reconstituting
Distribution (Ans- The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
ex. Protein-binding, water vs fat affinity, blood supply(rapid distribution to:
heart, liver, kidneys, brain)(slow distribution to: muscle, skin, fat)
Metabolism (Ans- Biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, or a more/less potent active metabolite.Organs involved Liver, Kidneys, Muscles, Lungs, Intestines
Factors that decrease metabolism (Ans-
- CV dysfunction
- Renal insufficiency
- Starvation
- Obstructive jaundice
- Genetics (slow acetylator)
- P-450 enzyme inhibitors
- Drugs
Factors that increase metabolism (Ans-
- Genetics (fast acetylator)
- Drugs (barbiturate therapy)
- P-450 enzyme inducer
Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes (Ans- Aid in liver metabolism of fat-soluble drugs
Excretion (Ans- The elimination of drugs from the body Organs involved Kidneys, Liver(bile), Bowel
- / 3