NUR 148 EXAM 2
- define epilepsy
Answer recurrent, unprovoked seizures
- define seizure
Answer abnormal, sudden, excessive, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons within the brain that may result in a change in LOC, motor or sensory ability and behavior
- Trigger for seizures
- stress
Answer
- fatigue
- strobe lights
- stimulants
- low sodium
- low sugar levels
- high fever
- What is a tonic-clonic seizure?
Answer seizure that lasts longer than 2-5 min begins stiffening or ridigty of muscles (arms & legs) and immediate loss of consciousness
- What is a clonic seizure?
Answer rhythmic jerking/relaxing of all extremities, can last for minutes.s/s 1 / 3
Answer blank stare, no response, smack their lips or swallow repeatedly, pick at the air/things, repetition of the same word
- what is a tonic seizure?
Answer abrupt increase in muscle tone, loss of consciousness and automatic changes lasting from 30 seconds to several minutes
- What is a myoclonic seizure?
Answer brief jerking or stiffening of the extremities that may occur singly or in groups, can last for a few seconds, the contractions may be symmetric (both sides) or asymmetric (one-side)
- what is an atonic seizure?
Answer sudden loss of muscle tone, followed by postictal confusion (happens after the seizure)
- what is a complex partial seizure?
Answer may cause loss of consciousness (syncope) or black out for 1-3 min. pt may wonder unaware of environment at the start of
the seizure. Involves the temporal lobe can be called psychomotor/temporal lobe seizures.
- what is a simple partial seizure?
Answer remains conscious during the seizure, often reports and aura before that may consist of déjà vu phenomenon (sudden smell or pain)
- what is an unclassified/idiopathic seizure?
Answer account for half of all seizures and occur for no known reason 2 / 3
- What is a status epilepticus seizure?
Answer prolonged seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or repeated seizure lasting over the course of 30 min
- treated with with IV-push lorazepam, diazepam or rectal diazepam
- Common causes for a seizure
- metabolic disorder, -acute alcohol withdrawal
Answer
- electrolyte imbalance
- high fever
- stroke
- head injury
- substance abuse
- heart disease
(hyperkalemia, water intoxication, hypoglycemia, low sodium)
- medications for seizures
Answer § Phenytoin
Answer given to prevent additional tonic-clonic seizure or cardiac arrest a loading dose is given at no more than 50 mg/min or given as a push in a normal saline line make sure to flush before and after (given 2nd)
· Teaching
Answer drug levels are checked every 6-12hr and 2 weeks after oral dose
§ Fosphenytoin
Answer water-soluble phenytoin prodrug, compatible with most IV solutions and also causes fewer cardo
- / 3