NUR 160 Exam 2, HONDROS Questions with correct Answers 2023/2024 Hypokalemia and lasix - Correct Answer If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix Hypervolemia Causes - Correct Answer CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - Correct Answer Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma Hypovolemia Causes - Correct Answer Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access, significant injury to skin Moat accurate assessment of water balance - Correct Answer daily weights in similar clothing, same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week Potassium (K+) - Correct Answer 3.5-5 Hyperkalemia causes - Correct Answer AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability, Nausea, death Hypokalemia causes - Correct Answer diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer muscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation, arrhythmia Renal Pt Diet - Correct Answer low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies, apples, avocados Sodium (Na+) - Correct Answer 135-145 Hypernatremia Causes - Correct Answer too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy consumption Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer decreased urinary output, firm rubbery tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin Hyponatremia Causes - Correct Answer Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction 1 / 2
Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache, restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting Magnesium (MG+) - Correct Answer 1.5-2.5 Hypermagnesemia Causes - Correct Answer Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer weakness, hypotension, Vomiting, Nausea, coma, death Hypomagnesemia Causes - Correct Answer alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor absorption Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - Correct Answer seizures, Increased DTR, arrhthmias, agitation, Nausea, vomiting Alcoholics-precautions - Correct Answer All alcoholics go in seizure precautions Calcium (Ca+) - Correct Answer 8-10 Hypercalcemia causes - Correct Answer supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid, parathyroidism Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion, coma, constipation, kidney stones Hypocalcemia Causes - Correct Answer decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics, alcoholism, malabsorption, burns Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - Correct Answer irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase dDTR, arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign Trousseau sign - Correct Answer BP Chvostek sign - Correct Answer cheek Heparin - Correct Answer PTT Coumadin - Correct Answer PT/INR PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - Correct Answer 7.35-7.45 PO2 - Correct Answer 80-100 PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - Correct Answer 35-45
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