NUR 170 Pharmacology Exam 4 Latest Update 2024-2025 170 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ 4-5 - CORRECT ANSWER: it takes about _____ half lifes for a drug to be completely excreted from body.*sometimes half life may be 24 hrs.. > risk for toxicity
absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: the movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood for distribution to the tissues
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - CORRECT ANSWER: phases of
pharmacokinetics
Active - CORRECT ANSWER: When a medication doesn't bind to a protein it is
"Unbound", considered _____ because it will now travel to target sites.
additive effects - CORRECT ANSWER: 2 drugs w/ similar actions given together so
smaller doses of each drug can be given.
- Used to prevent drug tolerance/addiction.
** 1+1 =2 **
Ex. Tylenol 325 + Oxycodone 5mg instead of Tylenol 650 OR Oxy 10mg
affinity - CORRECT ANSWER: the degree to which drugs attach to and bind with
receptors with the best fit
- the greater the affinity the better the drug attaches.
agonist - CORRECT ANSWER: a drug that binds with a receptor and stimulates the
receptor to produce a response *lock and key system
albumin - CORRECT ANSWER: most important protein to which drugs bind?
antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: A drug that binds to a receptor and inhibits/blocks a response
antagonistic effect - CORRECT ANSWER: Occurs when 2 drugs taken together result
in drug effects that are less than the sum of effects for each drug given separately ** 1+1<2 ** Ex. Antibiotic when given with antacids, vitamins, iron or dairy products reduce absorption of antibiotic and decrease effectiveness
bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER: The rate/fraction of initial dose that successfully reaches the site of action/target bodily fluid
- PO MEDS NEVER HAVE 100% BIOAVAILABILITY bc of first pass 1 / 2
biotransformation - CORRECT ANSWER: One or more biochemical reactions involving
a parent drug; occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism.
blood brain barrier - CORRECT ANSWER: a filtering mechanism of the capillaries less permeable than others that carry blood to the CNS. It limits the amount of absorption of meds into the brain.
competitive antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: Drug competes with the agonist for
binding to the receptor. If it binds, there is NO response.
* REVERSIBLE : agonist could be given again to restart the effect
- Ex. Morphine overdose.. Narcan given to remove morphine, morphine given again to
relive pain.
dissolution - CORRECT ANSWER: the process by which solid forms of drugs
disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation
distribution - CORRECT ANSWER: the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
duration of action - CORRECT ANSWER: The length of time the concentration of a
drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient (without another dose) to elicit a therapeutic response.
enteral (liquids, PO meds, rectal suppositories, buccal, sublingual), parenteral (injectable forms, suspensions, emulsions), topical (powders, patches, ointments) - CORRECT ANSWER: 3 routes of administration
enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER: substances that catalyze nearly every biochemical
reaction in a cell.*Drugs produce their effect by inhibiting (most common) or enhancing the enzyme.Ex. ACE inhibitor : prevent angiotensin enzyme from converting into angiotensin II ..decreasing the BP.
excretion - CORRECT ANSWER: the elimination of drugs from the body, primarily via the KIDNEY.
Factors that affect distribution - CORRECT ANSWER: -Circulation : Any condition affecting blood flow can delay med absorption
- Permeability of cell mbn. : Med must be able to cross More permeable = more
distribution
- Protein binding : Bound (Inactive) , Unbound (Active)
- / 2