NUR 2063 Final Exam Essentials of Pathophysiology - Rasmussen (Updated 2023) All Q&As
A type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus
✓ T CELLS
What is priority assessment for chronic heart failure?✓ Lung sounds
Effect of catecholamines during the stress response ✓ Via the hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous system, psychological stress stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete the two catecholamines, epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), into the bloodstream. This rapid defense reaction (occurring in less than a minute) prepares the body for battle.
Allostasis?✓ The process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis.
Differences between aldosterone and ADH and when are both released?✓ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are hormones that tell your kidney to put water back in the blood. .....Both work in the collecting duct - ADH causes it to take up water, whereas aldosterone causes it to take up salt and, in turn, causes water to follow. 1 / 3
Energy currency of the cell ✓ ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Function of aldosterone ✓ Is a steroid hormone. Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure.
What space does fluid enter to cause edema?✓ Interstitial compartment
Effects of stress on the body ✓ Stress that's left unchecked can contribute to many health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity and diabetes. INCREASE
CORTISOL SECRETED
Normal potassium lab values and the effects of hypo and hyperkalemia ✓ 3.5-5.0 Potassium is an important electrolyte for nerve and muscle cell functioning, especially for muscle cells in the heart. Your kidneys control your body's potassium levels, allowing for excess potassium to leave the body through urine or sweat.
Hypo vs hypernatremia ✓ Hyponatremia, an EXCESS of water in the body can lead to a LOW concentration of sodium in the blood, he said. And in hypernatremia, a DEFICIT of water in the body can lead to a HIGH concentration of sodium in the blood 2 / 3
Aldosterone function ✓ Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure.
Primary vs Secondary hypothyroidism ✓ Primary hypothyroidism is most common; it is due to disease in the thyroid, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are high. Secondary hypothyroidism is less common; it is due to pituitary or hypothalamic disease, and TSH levels are low.
Clinical manifestations that may result from diarrhea (Please use critical thinking to determine what is happening to fluid volume with diarrhea) (Select all that apply) mod 1 ✓ Frequent loose, watery stools. Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Fever.Bleeding.Lightheadedness or dizziness from dehydration.Complications may result from diarrhea of any etiology. Fluid loss with consequent dehydration, electrolyte loss (sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride), and even vascular collapse sometimes occur.
Lymph node locations (Select All) mod 2 ✓ Head, neck, armpits, groin
What are the properties of benign tumors? (Select All) mod 2 ✓ A benign neoplasm looks a lot like the tissue with normal cells from which it originated, and has a slow growth rate. Benign neoplasms do not invade surrounding tissues and they do not metastasize.
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