NUR 2063 Final Exam Latest Study Guide

NUR 2063 Final Exam (Latest 2023 / 2024) Study Guide

(ACTUAL TEST ) 200 + Questions and Answers (Solved)

1. What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?:

Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion) Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)

2. Na - Sodium:

136-144 mEq

Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma |

Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous membranes, dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures

3. K - Potassium:

• 3.7-5.2 mEq |

Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, de- creased bowel sounds, abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|

Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping, nausea, and diarrhea

4. Mg - Magnesium:

8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia - same as hypocalcemia

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5. Ca - Calcium:

• - 5 mEq |

Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weak- ness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |

Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthe- sia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs

6. P - Phosphorus:

• - 4.5 mg |

Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleed- ing tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, pares- thesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, la- ryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs

Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, mus- cle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,

7. Function of ribosomes:

Synthesizes proteins

8. · Hypervolemia:

Fluid volume excess in intravascular space

9. · Hypovolemia:

Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space

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10. · Homeostasis:

State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback

• self regulated

11. · How does a vaccine provide immunity?:

Active immunity - antigen expo- sure

12. · Active immunity:

Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure

13. · Passive immunity:

Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeed- ing

14. · identify examples of malignant cells:

Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, undifferentiated

15. · Assessment findings for localized inflammation:

Destroyed tissue, red- ness, swelling, heat, pain, function loss

16. o Type I:

IgE mediated: Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis

• o Type II IgM/IgG: cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction:

Blood transfusion reaction, erythroblastosis fetalis

18. o Type III:

immune complex-mediated: Autoimmune conditions – Lupus

• o Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction:

Tuberculin skin testing, trans- plant reactions, contact dermatitis

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