NUR 2063 Final Exam Study Guide
- What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
- Na - Sodium
Answer Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion) Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)
Answer 136-144 mEq
Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma |
Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous membranes, dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures
- K - Potassium
- 3.7-5.2 mEq |
Answer
Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|
Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping, nausea, and diarrhea
- Mg - Magnesium
Answer .8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia - same as hypocalcemia 1 / 4
- Ca - Calcium
- - 5 mEq |
Answer
Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weak- ness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |
Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
- P - Phosphorus
Answer .5 - 4.5 mg |
Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleed-
ing tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
- Function of ribosomes
Answer Synthesizes proteins
- · Hypervolemia
Answer Fluid volume excess in intravascular space
- · Hypovolemia
Answer 2 / 4
Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space
- · Homeostasis
Answer State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated
- · How does a vaccine provide immunity?
Answer Active immunity - antigen exposure
- · Active immunity
Answer Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure
- · Passive immunity
Answer Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding
- · identify examples of malignant cells
Answer Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, un- differentiated
- · Assessment findings for localized inflammation
Answer Destroyed tissue, red- ness, swelling, heat, pain, function loss
- o Type I
Answer IgE mediated
Answer Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis
- o Type II IgM/IgG 3 / 4
Answer cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
Blood transfusion re- action, erythroblastosis fetalis
- o Type III
Answer immune complex-mediated
Autoimmune conditions - Lupus
- o Type IV
Answer delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Tuberculin skin testing, trans- plant reactions, contact dermatitis
- · What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reac- tion?
Answer Bronchodilation, airway constriction,
- Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity
Answer GI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions
- · Manifestations of fight/flight response
- / 4
Answer Increase HR, increased respirations, diaphoresis, pupil dilation, increased blood flow to muscles, strength, alertness, decreased inflammation