NUR 2063 Patho Final
- Physiological concepts of fight or flight response
Answer Increase heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils
- Define homeostasis
Answer Equilibrium, balance, consistency, or stability in the body
- Function of a ribosome
Answer Aid in protein production on the RER and form polysomes
- Hormone that raises blood sugar
Answer Glucagon
- Main function of the endocrine system
Answer Regulating bodily functions, growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, mood stability
- Define meiosis - give an example
Answer Cell division that creates four gamete cells, ex
formation of sperm and eggs
- Define mitosis - give an example
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Answer Cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, ex
growth and repair of body tissues
- Function of plasma proteins
Answer Regulation of acid-base balance
- Intracellular Fluid contains high Potassium - note which electrolytes
Answer Potas- sium
- Physiologic effect of hyponatremia
Answer Excessive sodium losses or increased water gains in the body
- Define hypovolemia
Answer Fluid deficit of the intravascular compartment
- This stores electrolytes and acts like an electrolyte pool in the body
Answer N/A
- Define 'sign'
Answer Clinical manifestations that can be seen or measured
- Define 'contraindication'
Answer N/A
- Normal range of sodium
Answer 135-145 mEq/L 2 / 4
- Clinical manifestations of fluid volume overload
Answer Weight gain, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, cramping, headache, stomach bloating
- Physiologic cause of Edema
Answer N/A
- Components of insensible water loss
Answer Respiration, perspiration, and evaporation
- Define hypotonic solution
Answer Solution where the cell gains fluid and cells get larger
- Define hypertonic solution
Answer Solution where the cell loses fluid and cells shrink
- Define isotonic solution
Answer Solution where the cell is in equilibrium and cell size remains the same
- Define osmosis
Answer The movement of water or solvent from an area of low solute concentration to high concentration across the cellular membrane
- What is the normal pH of blood?
Answer
7.35-7.45
- Define diffusion 3 / 4
Answer The movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
- What is a deficiency in water associated with an increase in sodium and osmolality called?
Answer Hyponatremia
- How does the body maintain acid-base balance?
Answer Through various mechanisms including buffering systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation
- What are the clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis?
Answer Symptoms such as deep and rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, and headache
- Define sepsis
Answer A life-threatening medical emergency characterized by the body's extreme response to an infection
- True or False
Washing hands helps prevent transmission of infectious agents
Answer True
- What are the steps of the inflammatory process?
Answer Injury, vascular response, cellular response, and tissue repair
- What causes warmth and redness during a cellulitis infection?
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