NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
RASMUSSEN COLLEGE FINAL
EXAM(2022-2023 LATEST)
1.Explain primary preventionPreventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people 2.Explain secondary prevention"Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it spreads 3.Explain tertiary prevention"Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the condition 4.What are examples of primary prevention?Vaccinations and Handwashing 5.What are examples of secondary prevention?PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram 6.What are examples of tertiary prevention?Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcer 7.What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight response?Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, 1 / 4
bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit
GI/GU.
8.What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or light response?Rest and Digest. Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action 9.Explain the role of the nucleuscontrol center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body proteins 10.Explain the role of the mitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA 11.Explain the role of the ribosomeproduces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a protein 12.Explain the role of the lysosomeshelps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues 13.Explain the role of the rough ERfolded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps produce proteins for the cell membrane 14.Explain the role of the smooth ERhelps the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage 2 / 4
15.Explain the role of the peroxisomemembrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes 16.Explain the role of the Golgi bodystacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell 17.Explain passive immunitythe transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides immediate and short term protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection 18.What are examples of passive immunity?mom to fetus through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy 19.Explain active immunitya protective state owing to the immune system response as a result of active infection or immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term immunity 20.What are examples of active immunity?Vaccinations 21.Explain what edema isaccumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.Leads to tissue swelling 3 / 4
22.What are some causes of edema?increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or decrease in the opposite.
23.What are factors that contribute to edema?Increase in hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume, increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma proteins like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites, cirrhosis), blockage of lymph drainage 24.What is a hypersensitivity?an overreaction to antigens or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage 25.What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?anaphylactic. Occurs within 2-30mins of exposure. Can be systemic or localized. Binds to IgE and mast cells that release histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins to create inflammation 26.Mediating Factor for type 1 hypersensitivityIgE 27.Examples of type 1 hypersensitivityallergic reaction to dust. someone eats peanuts and breaks out in hives and runny nose 28.How do we treat type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?antihistamines to block histamine, beta adrenergics to bronchodilator , corticosteroids, to decrease inflammation. IgE therapy, epinephrine given during anaphylaxis through IV or through IM in epipens
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