NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Final Exam
- Explain primary prevention
Answer Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people
- Explain secondary prevention
Answer "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it spreads
- Explain tertiary prevention
Answer "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the condition
- What are examples of primary prevention?
Answer Vaccinations and Handwashing
- What are examples of secondary prevention?
Answer PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
- What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Answer Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcer
- What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight response?
Answer Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU. 1 / 4
- What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or light response?
Answer Rest and Digest. Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action
- Explain the role of the nucleus
Answer control center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body proteins
- Explain the role of the mitochondria
Answer Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
- Explain the role of the ribosome
Answer produces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a protein
- Explain the role of the lysosomes
Answer helps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
- Explain the role of the rough ER
Answer folded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps produce proteins for the cell membrane
- Explain the role of the smooth ER
Answer helps the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage
- Explain the role of the peroxisome 2 / 4
Answer membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
- Explain the role of the Golgi body
Answer stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell
- Explain passive immunity
Answer the transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non immunized person. Provides immediate and short term protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
- What are examples of passive immunity?
Answer mom to fetus through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
- Explain active immunity
Answer a protective state owing to the immune system response as a result of active infection or immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term immunity
- What are examples of active immunity?
Answer Vaccinations
- Explain what edema is
Answer accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling
- What are some causes of edema? 3 / 4
Answer increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or decrease in the opposite.
- What are factors that contribute to edema?
Answer Increase in hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume, increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma proteins like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites, cirrhosis), blockage of lymph drainage
- What is a hypersensitivity?
Answer an overreaction to antigens or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage
- What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer anaphylactic. Occurs within 2-30mins of exposure. Can be systemic or localized. Binds to IgE and mast cells that release histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins to create inflammation
- Mediating Factor for type 1 hypersensitivity
Answer IgE
- Examples of type 1 hypersensitivity
Answer allergic reaction to dust. someone eats peanuts and breaks out in hives and runny nose
- How do we treat type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer antihistamines to block histamine, beta adrenergics to bronchodilator , corticosteroids, to decrease inflam- mation. IgE therapy, epinephrine given during anaphylaxis through IV or through IM in epipens
- What are signs and symptoms of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
- / 4
Answer