NUR 209 Unit 1: Questions &Answers
What causes tachycardia?(Ans – decreased BP, blood loss Prolonged exposure to heat Pain Fear and Anxiety
pulse deficit (Ans - difference between apical and radial pulse
Normal respiratory rate (Ans - 12-20 breaths per minute
Factors affecting respirations (Ans – Age- decreases with age 12-20 in adults Exercise Respiratory Diseases Anemia- decreased oxyhemoglobin causing increased respirations Medications- opiates cause decreased respiration rates
Bradypnea (Ans - < 10 breaths per minute
Tachypnea (Ans - greater than or equal to 24 breaths per minute
Hyperventilation (Ans - increased depth and rate for respirations
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Hypoventilation (Ans - decreased rate and depth
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (Ans - an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
Ventricular Contraction (Ans - Systole/ Systolic
Ventricular Relaxation (Ans - Diastole/ Diastolic
Pulse Pressure (Ans - different between systolic and diastolic pressure ( systolic - diastolic= pulse pressure)
Factors contributing to Blood Pressure (Ans – Age- elasticity decreases causes more resistance resulting in more blood pressure Circadian Rhythm- lower in the morning Biological sex- women have a lower blood pressure than men until menopause Exercise-systolic rises during periods of exercise Emotional state- anger, fear, excitement, etc.Body position- lower in supine or prone positions Race-
Hypertension (Ans - systolic higher than 130 and diastolic is 80+
Hypotension (Ans - systolic lower than 90 and diastolic lower than 60
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Kortokoff sounds (Ans - Phase 1- First hear it (systolic) Phase 5- Silence (second diastolic)
What are the components of the Infection Cycle?(Ans - Infectious agent- the bacteria, fungi, or virus causing the sickness, broken by hand hygiene antibiotics and sterilization Reservoir- the habitat of the infectious agent broken by PPE and sterilization.Portal of exit- how the organism is leaving the environment broken by hand hygiene, dressing changes, etc Means of transmission- how the infectious agent causes sickness broken by hand hygiene, refrigeration, and pesticides Portal of entry- how it enters the body broken by hand hygiene masks gloves eye goggles etc.Susceptible host- person who can be sick broken by immunizations and health screenings.
Fomite (Ans - Any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted.
Vector (Ans - a living thing that transmits a disease from one organism to another
Stages of Infection (Ans - Incubation- no symptoms yet... but you are infected Prodromal- most infectious, and you know something is wrong Full (acute) stage of illness-- you are sick and you know/ feel it. this is the least infectious Convalescents- recovery period
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