NUR 2092 Health Assessment Exam 2

NUR 2092 Health Assessment Exam 2 Location of heart (Answer)- -2nd to 5th intercostal space

• from the right border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line.

Atriovascular valves (Answer)- -Tricuspid (LSB) -Mitral (ICS) +5th ICS +Separates atria from ventricles Semilunar Valves (Answer)- -Pulmonic (LSB)

• Aortic (RSB)

+2nd ICS +Separate ventricles from great vessels Most diseased valve (Answer)- mitral -synonymous with apical pulse Cardiac Output (Answer)- Volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in one minute Stroke Volume (Answer)- Volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat Preload (Answer)- Amount of blood in ventricles right before contraction

• Stretches cardiac muscle before contraction

Myocardial Contractility (Answer)- Ability of cardiac muscle when given a load

• To contract or shorten

-Sending oxygenated blood out Afterload (Answer)- Systemic vascular resistance

• Degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction

-How much ventricle needs to push to get blood out to rest of body SA Node (Answer)- pacemaker of heart -sets electrical rhythm P wave (Answer)- atrial depolarization PR interval (Answer)- impulse traveling to SA node to AV node QRS Complex (Answer)- Ventricles contracting at once -Depolarization 1 / 3

T wave resting (Answer)- repolarization intima of heart (Answer)- - where blood touches arteries

• controls cardiovascular system

atherosclerosis (Answer)- -hard fat in latin

• hardening of arteries

Widow maker (Answer)- LAD

• Left anterior descending artery
• Supplies 80% of blood to heart

dyspnea (Answer)- fluid backing up in lungs orthopnea (Answer)- Shortness of breath while laying flat Nocturia (Answer)- Need to urinate at night Marfans syndrome (Answer)- inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs

• Aorta is enlarged

Right external jugular vein (Answer)- - tells signs of condition of heart -Reflects right atrial pressure -Helps estimate CVP (central venous pressure) apical pulse (Answer)- a central pulse located at the apex of the heart

• synonymous with mitral valve
• point of maximum impulse

-palpate with finger pads What happens if PMI (point of maximum impulse) is out of its landmark? (Answer)- -means hearts enlarged What do you palpate for? (Answer)- thrills

• turbulent blood flow

Where is the apical pulse (Answer)- - 4th or 5th ICS

• Left midclavicular line

-1 inch How long do you listen to apical pulse (Answer)- 60 seconds What do you use to find bruit (Answer)- auscultate with bell (low pitched sounds)

• turbulent blood flow 2 / 3

bruit (Answer)- -turbulent blood flow -auscultate -blowing, swooshing sound

• listens to carotid artery

systole (Answer)- Heart contracts to pump blood out diastole (Answer)- heart relaxes and fills

• occurs AFTER contraction

s1 (Answer)- -systole -lub -closing of mitral and tricuspid valves -loudest at apex s2 (Answer)- -diastole -opening of mitral and tricuspid -dub -loudest at base murmurs (Answer)- -abnormal heart sounds -turbulent blood flow (stiffened valves or blood backing up -Gentle blowing, swooshing sounds

• listen with bell
• cardiac

s3 and s4 (Answer)- extra heart sounds -abnormal thrill (Answer)- Turbulent blood flow -palpated -purring cat feeling bruit vs murmur (Answer)- bruit

• turbulent blood flow

-vascular -auscultate murmur -turbulent blood flow -auscltate -cardiac arteries (Answer)- -carry oxygenated blood to body -high pressure system -AWAY from heart to body

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