NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology

NUR 210 exam 1 material Pharmacology Principles Latest Update 2024 Version 110+ Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed Success

• abcesses
• tumors - CORRECT ANSWER: blood flow is decreased by:

• chemical properties of the drug (lipid soluble faster absorbed than water soluble)
• rate affected by size of the drug
• gastric pH
• blood flow
• contact time in the absorption surface (severe diarrhea vs gastroparesis) - CORRECT

ANSWER: factors affecting the rate of absorption (how quickly the drug is absorbed?

• route (IV = 100% vs oral)
• first pass effect

-chemical stability

• protein binding

- blood brain barrier - CORRECT ANSWER: factors affecting amount of absorption

(efficiency- how much of the drug is absorbed)?

0.6 - 1.2 mg/dl - CORRECT ANSWER: normal creatinine level?

• alcohol

2. BBB not fully developed at birth - CORRECT ANSWER: what can cross the BBB?

1. Direct penetration of the membranes - CORRECT ANSWER: - use by MOST drugs

• most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
• most drugs lack transport systems
• drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic

drugs

1. pharmaceutic phase - CORRECT ANSWER: the drug goes into solution

• Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for

absorption

• must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
• most absorption takes place in the small intestine

2. channels and pores - CORRECT ANSWER: only very small ions such as potassium

and sodium can pass through cell membranes

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• pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - CORRECT ANSWER: "what the BODY

does to the drug"

• absorption
• distribution
• metabolism/ biotransformation
• exertion

3. Pharmacodynamic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER: What the drug does TO the body

• drugs may increase, decrease, replace, inhibit, destroy, protect, irritate to create a

response

• drugs exert multiple rather than single effects on the body ( some desired some not)

3. transport systems - CORRECT ANSWER: - are carriers that can move drugs from

one side of the membrane to the other

• are selective

4-5 - CORRECT ANSWER: it takes about how many half lives for a drug to be

eliminated from the body?

4-5 half lives - CORRECT ANSWER: it takes about how may half lives for a drug to reach a 'steady state'?*the goal*

8-23 mg/dl - CORRECT ANSWER: normal BUN level?

Absorption

• direct penetration of the membranes
• channels and pores

3. transport systems - CORRECT ANSWER: the movement of a drug from its site of

administration to the blood

How do drugs cross membranes?

absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: the transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream?

activation of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver called enzyme inducers - CORRECT

ANSWER: interactions that decrease therapeutic effects

• increased metabolism rate of drug (cytochrome P450 system)

active transport - CORRECT ANSWER: involves specific carrier proteins that cross the membrane. energy dependent. moves drugs against concentration gradient (low to high)

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