NUR 210 Exam 4 Study Guide

NUR 210 Exam 4 Study Guide

What is bacteriostatic?(Ans- inhibits bacterial growth

what is bactericidal?(Ans- kills bacteria

What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?(Ans-

• able to control a variety of organisms (gram - or +)
• used when you cannot identify what the organism causing the disease is
• targets many bacteria ("shotgun approach)

when are broad spectrum antibiotics used?(Ans- when you do not know what organism is causing the problem

What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?(Ans-

• effective against few organisms (either Gram positive OR Gram negative)
• used when you know which organism is causing the problems and which

drug that it is sensitive to

• targets one organism ("bb gun approach)

When are narrow spectrum antibiotics used?(Ans- Whenever the bacteria causing the disease is known

what does selective toxicity mean?(Ans- toxic to a specific cell (bacteria/microorganism) while sparing other normal cells

is bacterial resistance innate or acquired?(Ans- both- can be either

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what is meant by bacterial resistance?(Ans- ability of an organism to survive against an antimicrobial or to render the antimicrobial ineffective

What is a super infection?(Ans- when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present; an infection that occurs because of treatment for a primary infection

what is meant by prophylactic antibiotic use?(Ans- antibiotics that are used to prevent infection

what are three surgical procedures that increase the risk for infection? what is often given with/after the procedures to decrease the risk of infection?(Ans-

• orthopedic
• cardiac
• abdominal

prophylactic antibiotics given to reduce the risk of infection

why is there a risk for endocarditis with a patient who has an artificial valve, having dental surgery?(Ans- in the gums are cut bacteria can get into the bloodstream and travel to the heart and infect the artificial valve

how can chemotherapy increase the risk for infection? what can be given with it to reduce the risk for infection?(Ans- affects the bone marrow; prophylactic antibiotics

what are the 5 stages of infection?(Ans-

• incubation
• prodromal
• acute
• convalescent
• resolution
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