NUR 2115 EXAM 1
- Oxygenate ventilation perfusion
diffusion
Respiration #1 goal is to....
the tissues through , , and
- Negative
1
For adequate ventilation to occur the interpleural pressure needs to be to expand the lung.The V/Q ratio is
- Ventilation
Respiratory Failure
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?
-Inadequate ventilation
Low O2 & High CO2
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-Thoracic pressure change inadequate, mechanical abnormality (Kyphosis, COPD, Pneumothorax) -Defect in Respiratory control center (CNS dysfunction, Drug OD) -Impaired muscular function (Neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury)
- Oxygenation
Respiratory Failure
Ventilation or Oxygenation failure?-Ventilation adequate -Decreased lung perfusion (Right to left shunt, pulmonary embolism) -Hemorrhagic shock -Abnormal Hgb (Doesn't bind to O2, Carbon monoxide poisoning) -Abnormal aveolar-capillary unit (Pulmonary edema, silent unit- ARDs)
5. SOB
hypoxemia hypercapnia acidosis
hypoxia
Respiratory Failure-- Clinical Manifestations
-Hallmark sign
-Limited chest expansion, abnormal sounds -Confusion, grunting, nasal flaring, sternal retractions 2 / 4
-PaO2 <50 = -PaCO2 >50= -pH <7.35= -SPO2 <90%=
6. 80-100
35-45 22-26
7.35-7.45
compensated
Normal ABG Values
PaO2
PCO2
HCO3
pH
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HCO3 and CO2 are both outside of normal ranges= Full= pH within norms Partial= pH not within norms
- Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
What are the ABG results? pH <7.35
PO2 <80
PCO2 35-45
HCO3 <22
- Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
What are the ABG results? pH 7.35-7.45, closer to 7.35
PO2 90-100
PCO2 >45 HCO3 >30
- Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
What are the ABG results? pH >7.45
PO2 80-100
PCO2 >45 HCO3 > 26
- Compensated metabolic acidosis with hypoxia
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