NUR 213 Cardio Questions

NUR 213 Cardio Questions

• An elderly client is diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. The nurse realizes this type of

cardiomyopathy is due to

• Hypertension.
• Heredity.
• Alcohol intake.
• Myocardial fibrosis.

Answer

• Alcohol intake.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is usually idiopathic but may be secondary to chronic alcohol intake or myocarditis. Heredity and hypertension are causes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Myocardial fibrosis can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy.

• A client diagnosed with cardiomyopathy is being discharged to home. Which of the

following would suggest that discharge teaching has been effective for this client?

• I will eat foods containing sodium only if drinking water with them.
• I will see the physician to discuss implanting a cardiac defibrillator next week.
• I will exercise as much as possible regardless of feeling weak and short of breath.
• My pants getting tight around the waist means I'm eating too much and short cut back on

food.

Answer

• I will see the physician to discuss implanting a cardiac defibrillator next week.

Evidence that discharge instruction is effective for a client with cardiomyopathy would be the statement "I will see the physician to discuss implanting a cardiac defibrillator next week" since sudden cardiac death can occur with this medical diagnosis. The other client statements would indicate that discharge teaching was not effective and the client needs additional instruction and follow-up.

• The nurse assessing a child with a congenital heart defect should include which of the

following when assessing the cardiac status?

• Observe for abdominal distention
• Inspect the chest for heaving
• Auscultate breath sounds
• Measure urine output

Answer 1 / 4

• Inspect the chest for heaving

The nurse should inspect the client's chest for heaving, which is a lifting of the chest during contractions. Observing for abdominal distention would be done during the assessment of the client's fluid status. Auscultating breath sounds would be included in the assessment of the respiratory status. Measuring urine output is not a feature of any particular status and may or may not need to be done.

• The nurse caring for a pediatric client recovering from surgery to repair a congenital heart

defect would include which of the following interventions to support the client's fluid status?

• Limit fluids
• Maintain intravenous therapy until day before discharge
• Encourage fluids
• Monitor output

Answer

• Encourage fluids

The child should be encouraged to begin oral fluids and nutrition when permitted. Although oral fluids are rarely limited, intake and output should be care- fully assessed. Fluids and antibiotics should be provided as ordered until the child's oral intake is normal. Once normal, the line can be converted to a heparin or saline lock. Both intake and output should be monitored.

• Which of the following would indicate that the parents of a child recovering from surgery to

repair a congenital heart defect understand discharge instructions provided by the nurse?

• The client will need to take antibiotics prior to having dental surgery.
• The client should be restricted in play and activity for at least 6 months.
• Fluids should be restricted to maximize lung function.
• The client should not return to normal activities for at least 2 years.

Answer

• The client will need to take antibiotics prior to having dental surgery.

Since the child is at risk for infective endocarditis, prophylactic antibiotics are indicated for invasive procedures. The child should not be restricted in play and activities for at least 6 months.The child should not restrict fluids. The parents should be encouraged to have the child live a normal life and not be restricted for 2 years.

• . A client with angina complains that the angina pain is prolonged, severe, and occurs at the

same time each day while the client is resting. There are no precipitating factors to the pain.How would the nurse describe this type of angina pain?

• Stable angina 2 / 4

• Unstable angina
• Atypical angina (Prinzmetal's angina)
• Non-anginal pain

Answer

• Atypical angina (Prinzmetal's angina)

Atypical or Prinzmetal's angina often occurs at the same time each day and typically at rest.Stable angina is induced by exercise and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Unstable angina is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin and is less predictable. The client has been diagnosed with angina, and, therefore, the pain the client is experiencing is angina.

• A client is admitted with irregular chest pain and shortness of breath . The client

complains of fatigue with activity and has a body mass index (BMI) of 30.5. The nurse diagnosis that might be a priority for the client at this time would be

Answer

• Fear.
• Ineffective Coping.
• Fluid Volume Deficit.
• Imbalanced Nutrition

More than Body Requirements.

Answer

• Imbalanced Nutrition

More than Body Requirements

The client with a BMI of 30.5 is obese. In addition, the client has irregular chest pain and shortness of breath and complains of fatigue with activity. The priority nursing diagnosis for the client at this time would be imbalanced nutrition more than body requirements. Fear and ineffective coping would be applicable to the client diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction. There is no evidence that the client has a fluid deficit.

• The nurse is instructing an elderly client about atorvastatin to treat elevated cholesterol. What

precautions should the nurse advise the client to report to the healthcare provider?

• Shortness of breath
• Muscle pain and weakness
• Headaches 3 / 4

• Bruising and excessive bleeding

Answer

• Muscle pain and weakness

Side effects of statin drugs, such as atorvastatin, include liver inflammation, elevated enzymes, and muscle pain and weakness. Clients are to be advised to report these symptoms while on these medications. The other symptoms are unrelated to taking statin drugs.

• The nurse is providing care to a client who has experienced several episodes of angina. What

is the primary outcome for this client?

• The client will experience relief of chest pain with anticoagulant therapy.
• The client will experience relief of chest pain with therapeutic lifestyle changes.
• The client will experience relief of chest pain with aspirin therapy.
• The client will experience relief of chest pain with nitrate therapy.

Answer

• The client will experience relief of chest pain with nitrate therapy.

A primary goal in the treatment of angina is to reduce the intensity and frequency of angina episodes. Rapid-acting organic nitrates are the drugs of choice for terminating an acute angina episode. Anticoagulant therapy is used to prevent additional thrombi from forming postmyocardial infarction; it will not relieve angina pain. Therapeutic lifestyle changes are significant if the client is to maintain a healthy heart, but they will not relieve chest pain; this is accomplished with medications. Aspirin therapy following an acute myocardial infarction dramatically reduces mortality due to its antiplatelet function; it will not relieve angina pain.

• Aspirin has been prescribed for a client following a myocardial infarction. Teaching about

this medication should include

Answer

• Take at a different time of day than warfarin.
• Report any itching after seven days of taking.
• Do not skip any scheduled appointments to have blood drawn for labs.
• Check with your health care provider before taking herbal remedies.

Answer

• Check with your health care provider before taking herbal remedies.

Herbal remedies such as evening primrose oil, garlic, gingko biloba, or grapeseed extract can

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