NUR 213 Diabetes
- What are the functions of the pancreas
Answer Pancreas is the main gland in the endocrine system. It make a lot of digestive enzymes. Lowers blood sugar. secretes hormones that controls glucose levels. The beta cells secrete insulin which promote glucose uptake into the cells. The pancreas increases glycogen synthesis. It also increases protein synthesis. It facilitates transport of glucose into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
- What is Negative feedback with insulin secretion?
Answer -increase in blood sugar -increase in insulin from beta cells.increase of glucose into the cells, and then decrease in blood sugar and a decrease in insulin secretion
- What is the islet of Langerhands?
Answer Islet of langerhans secrete glucagon from the alpha cells on the pancreas. Islet of Langerhands is secreted when the blood sugar gets too low, and it raised blood sugar back to normal levels.
- What is glucagon?
Answer glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells in the pancreas. Glucagon is only secreted with the blood glucose levels drop really low. This helps raise the blood sugar to a normal level. This glucagon is secreted in between meals, or periods of fasting. Glucagon initiates glycogenolysis (breakdown of liver glycogen) so that the blood glucose levels increase. Increases the transport of amino acids into the liver and stimulates their conversion into glucose
- What is glycogenolysis
Answer glycogenolysis-when the pancreas releases glucagon it causes the breaking down of the glycogen in the liver to raise the blood glucose levels
- what is gluconeogenesis
Answer the pancreas released glucagon so that this in- creased the transport of amino acids to the liver 1 / 2
and that stimulates conversion of glucose
- What is Diabetes mellitus?
Answer group of metabolic diseases- hyperglycemia. defects in insulin, glucose doesn't go into the fat and muscle cells so the body breaksdown fat and proteins to generate fuel for the body.
- When is type 1 usually detected?
Answer When 80% of beta cells are damaged
- What are some of the diagnostic tests to test for diabetes?
Answer Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)> 6.5%, Fasting Plamsa Glucose (FPG/ FBS) > 126, 3 hour blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 75 g oral glucose load > 200 mg/dl, random glucose in person with symptoms >200 mg/dl
- what is the glycosylated hemoglobin test
Answer the glycosylated hemoglobin test is a great test because the glucose stays attached to the hemoglobin for up to 4 months and you can tell if the blood sugars been high based on the amount of glucose on that hemoglobin. If its more than 6.5% of glucose on the hemoglobin then you have had high sugar levels. HbA1c >6.5% of glucose on the hemoglobin
- What is the fasting plasma glucose test?
Answer you fast and check the blood sugar levels (FPG, FBS) if the blood sugar after fasting is more than 126 mg/dl
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Answer OGTT- give your patient 75% glucose and then check their glucose levels afterward. If they are over >200 mg/dl 2 hours then they are hyperglycemic
- What is the random person glucose test?
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Answer If you take a random person and take their glucose levels, if they are over 200 then they are HG.