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NUR 213 Exam 3
- Factors affecting oxygenation
Answer Assess
Answer
-respiratory rate (12-20BPM) -oxygen saturation (95-100%) Physiological factors
Answer
-decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (low hemoglobin, anemia) -hypovolemia -decreased inspired oxygen concentration -increased metabolic rate Conditions affecting chest wall movement
Answer
-pregnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease, musculoskeletal abnormalities, trau- ma, neuromuscular disease, CNS alterations Influences of chronic diseases
Answer
-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma 1 / 4
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- Alterations in respiratory functioning
Answer Hyperventilation
Answer ventilation excess of that required to eliminate CO2 produced by cellular metabolism (breathing to fast) -Ex
Answer exercise, anxiety, panic attack, asthma Hypoventilation
Answer alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet bodys oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient CO2 (breathing to slow or shallow) -Ex
Answer overdose from narcotics/opioids Hypoxia
Answer inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level (COPD, pneumonia, poor tissue perfusion, smoke inhalation, high altitudes) -patients with sudden change in vitals, LOC or behavior are possibly experiencing profound hypoxia -patient may be confused, restless, dyspnea Cyanosis
Answer blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes -assess skin, nail beds, lips 2 / 4
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-if darker colored skin look at palms
- Assessment for airway mangement
Answer 1) Client history
Answer
-pain -dyspnea, wheezing -respiratory infections -health risks -fatigue
-cough -smoking -allergies -medications Physical examination
Answer
2) Inspection
Answer
-skin and mucous membrane colors -LOC -breathing patterns 3 / 4
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-chest wall movement (use of accessory muscles to breath) -general appearance (any tripod position) -circulation (cyanosis) 3) Palpation
Answer chest, feet, legs, pulses -carotid and apical pulses -tactile fremitus -skin turgor, temperature, capillary refill 4) Percussion
Answer presence of abnormal fluid or air, diaphragmatic excursion 5) Auscultation
Answer normal and abnormal heart and lung sounds -abnormal wheezing, crackles 6) Tests
Answer
-Blood specimens (ABGs) -x-rays (visual of lungs) -TB skin testing
- Health promotion for airway management
Answer
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