NUR 213 Test 1 - functions. check all that apply. a. oxygen tran...

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NUR 213 Test 1

• the function of the cardiovascular system involves any one or more of the following

functions. check all that apply.

• oxygen transportation

metabolic waste removal

• hormone transportation
• neural connectivity
• CO2 removal

Answer a, b, c, e the cardiovascular system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and re- moval of CO2, the removal of metabolic waste products and the transportation of hormones. it is not responsible for neural connectivity

• the heart is incased in what?
• the peritoneum
• the pericardial sac
• lung tissue
• it has no encasement

Answer b the heart is incased in the pericardial sac. a connective sac that separates it from the other internal organs

• what is the function of pericardial sac?
• to keep foreign antigens from the heart
• to keep the heart from enlarging
• to provide nutrients to the heart
• to provide lubrication for the heart

Answer d the function of the pericardial sac is to provide lubrication to the heart when it beats

• which is not a layer of the heart?
• the pericardial layer
• the myocardium
• the endocardium
• the epicardium
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Answer a the three layers of the heart are the epicardium, the myocardium and the endocardi- um

• list in order of the pathway of blood through the heart from deoxygenated to oxygenated

blood.

• left ventricle
• right ventricle
• right atrium
• left atrium

Answer d, b, c, a blood goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle then to the lungs the left atrium and out the left ventricle

• which heart valves are closed to prevent backflow of blood into the atria during diastole?

select all that apply

• tricsupid valve
• pulmonary valve
• mitral valve
• aortic valve
• pneumonic valve

Answer a, c the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve are closed to prevent backflow of blood during diastole

• what artery supplies the back of the left ventricle, the inferior of the left ventricle, the right

ventricle, and the right atrium?

• left main coronary artery
• left anterior descending artery
• circumflex artery
• right coronary artery

Answer d the right coronary artery supplies the inferior and posterior aspects of the left ventricle, the right ventricle and the right atrium

• what is the cardiac output?
• the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one beat
• the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle in one minute
• the amount of blood ejected from both atria and ventricles per beat
• the amount of blood entering the lungs per minute 2 / 4

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Answer b the cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle in one minute. the normal value is 4-8 liters per minute

• which factors affect a persons cardiac output? select all that apply
• the oxygenation of blood
• the stroke volume
• the blood volume
• the preload
• the force of the contraction

Answer b, d, e the factors affecting the cardiac output are the stroke volume, the preload and the force of the contraction

• the natural pacemaker of the heart is what?
• the AV node
• the purkinje fibers
• the SA node
• the bundle of His

Answer c the SA node if the natural pacemaker of the healthy heart

• distended neck veins mean what? select all that apply
• decreased preload
• increased preload
• increased cardiac output
• possible cardiac insufficiency
• rapid heart rate

Answer b, d distended neck veins mean that the preload of the heart is increased and/or that there is increased chance of cardiac insufficiency

• which vessels carry deoxygenated blood? select all that apply
• arteries
• capillaries
• venules 3 / 4

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• arterioles
• veins

Answer b, c, d the capillaries carry both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the veins that carry deoxygenated blood

• the sympathetic nervous system

Answer

• slows the heart rate
• blocks beta adrenergic receptors on the heart
• increases the heart rate
• determines the cardiac output

Answer c the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the beta adrenergic receptors and increases the heart

• which are true regarding heart sounds? select all that apply
• diastole occurs between s1 and s2
• systole occurs during s1 and s2
• murmurs indicate vascular turbulence
• the time between s1 and s2
• s2 is occasionally absent

Answer b, c systole occurs between s1 and s2 and murmurs represent areas of vascular turbu- lence

• you are briefly assessing a patient for his risk of stroke. what easy test can you do?
• check for cardiac bruit
• assess speech function
• do a carotid ultrasound
• examine the patient for hemiparesis

Answer a a simple test for risk of stroke is to examine the patients carotid arteries with a stethoscope in order to listen for the presence of a carotid bruit

• the doctor tells you the patient has a grade IV heart murmur. what does that mean?
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