NUR 220 Exam 5
- What is preconception care?
Answer Time of care leading up to pregnancy
-yearly exam to look for physical and psycological things that may effect becoming pregnant
- What is menstruation?
Answer The shedding of the uterine lining
- What is the menstrual cycle?
Answer Time period when blood, tissue and unfertilized egg leaves the body
- What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Answer follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase, menstruation
- How long is the follicular phase?
Answer 14 days
- How long is the ovulation phase?
Answer day 14
- How long is the luteal phase?
Answer 15-28 days 1 / 4
- How long is menstration?
Answer 28 days
*know
- What are the female hormones?
Answer -Hypothalamus - secretes GnRH
-Anterior lobe of the pituitary - secretes FSH & LH -Ovarian Follicles - secretes estrogen (increase GnRH) and progesterone (decrease GnRH)
**know that these three things in to be in check to conceive. If one is out of wack they all will be**
Also known as the HPO axis
- What is primary amenorrhea?
Answer Absence of menstruation
-No menses by age 15 AND no secondary sex characteristics -No menses by age 16 AND presence of secondary sex characteristics
- What are secondary sex characteristics?
Answer -chest growth, facial hair, deep voice (other characteristics that are associated with puberty but that don't have anything to do with reproduction)
-breasts, pubic hair
- What would cause primary amenorrhea?
Answer -Lack of GnRH from hypothalamus 2 / 4
-> no pituitary stimulation -Pituitary dysfunction -No stimulation to ovaries -> follicle does not mature -Congenital anomalies -90% unidentified cause
- What are congenital anomalies?
Answer birth defects
- Who is at risk for primary amenorrhea?
Answer Athletes, chronic illness, eating disorders (anorexia)
-90% are unidentified cause
- What happens to the female hormones when primary amenorrhea is pre- sent?
Answer -malfunctioning hypothalamus - No GnRH production
-pituitary - No LH or FSH production -overall - No follicle maturation, No Ovulation, No Menses, No stimulation of sec- ondary sex characteristics
- What is secondary amenorrhea?
Answer Absence of menstruation for 3 or more cycles or 6 months
-Occurring in those who have previously menstruated.
- What are the causes of secondary amenorrhea?
Answer -Pregnancy or Lactation 3 / 4
-Damage to hypothalamus, pituitary or ovary -Birth control -Hysterectomy -Disruption in H-P-O axis -Heavy athletic training -Rapid weight loss or gain
- What is abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer Any deviation from normal menstruation (change in the HPO axis)
-Painless bleeding, prolonged, excessive and irregular -Absence of underlying structural or systemic disease
Can occur at any age -Most commonly occurs at beginning and end of reproductive years
- What is the treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer -Treat underlying cause
-Estrogen, progestin, combined oral contraceptives, Depo, long active reversible contraceptives
-Iron replacement
-Surgical intervention (D&C, ablation, hysterectomy)
- What is D & C?
Answer dilation and curettage to treat uterine bleeding
- How might someone present with abnormal uterine bleeding?
Answer -pale
-tired
- / 4