NUR 220 Midterm 1
- Ecological Model of Health
Answer -interconnection between people and their environment (physical, social)
-promotes health on multiple levels (individual, family, society)
- Social Determinants of health
Answer the factors in society that have an influence on health and the options accessible to improve or maintain their health; these form the basis for Healthy people 2020
- Describe the differences in the historical perspectives of health before 1940, throughout the
1940-50s, and after the 1950s.
Answer Before 1940- health was the absence of disease, infectious diseases were prominent, physicians were the only primary practitioner, govt only for public health
!940s-50s- Health was the ability to fulfill one's roles, physicals determined fitness, physicians linked to hospitals, increased federal role (programs)
After 1950s- health is the adaptation and reaction the environment, focus on disease prevention and health promotion, emphasis on individual's responsibility, the gov't controls costs
- Clinical Model of Health
Answer the absence of disease; prevention is not emphasized and someone may wait until they are sick to see the doctor
- Role performance model of health
Answer health is based on whether a person can perform societal roles 1 / 4
- Adaptive model of health
Answer health is based on the person's ability to adapt positively to change; illness occurs when they cannot adapt
- Eudaimonistic model of health
Answer exuberant well being, health is based on having multiple relationships in life; illness is due to a lack of involvement in life
- Functioning
Answer levels reflected in terms of performance or social expectations
- Health
Answer state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning within develop- mental context
- Disease
Answer failure of adaptive mechanisms
- Illness
Answer subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of dis- ease
- What is Health People 2020? How many focus areas do they have and what are their four
overarching goals?
Answer -national guidelines to promote health
-42 focus areas -1. longer and higher quality lives 2 / 4
- health equity and eliminate disparities
- social and physical environments to promote good health
- promote quality of life and health behaviors
- Primary Prevention
Answer -prevent disease or injury before it even occurs
-health promotion, education, immunizations, a ban or law on something (seatbelt)
- Secondary Prevention
Answer -reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred
-early diagnosis, prompt treatment, disability limitation, screening, medications
- Tertiary Prevention
Answer -soften the impact of an ongoing illness of injury that has lasting effects.
-rehabilitation, management programs, support groups
- Health promotion
Answer the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health (definition made from World Health Organization)
- Nursing Roles in Health Promotion and Protection include being a....
Answer -ad- vocate
-care manager -consultant -deliverer of services 3 / 4
-educator -healer -researcher
- Evidence Based practice
Answer use of the current best evidence to make decisions about patient cade; integrate this with clinical expertise
- What are some improving prospects of health?
Answer -population
Answer diversity, age distribution
-shifting problems
Answer pollution, stress, increase in chronic conditions, lifestyle
-moving towards solutions
Answer individual and governmental involvement
- Health disparities
Answer umbrella term that includes disparities in health and health- care; preventable differences that greatly affect groups of people to achieve optimal health based on their racial/ethnic group
- Health equity
Answer the accomplishment of the highest level of health for all people
- What are the emerging populations?
- / 4