NUR 220 Oncology 4
- what is another name for cancer
Answer neoplasm ir oncology
- what happens to the cells in cancer
Answer uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells
- what does proliferation mean
Answer growth
- when does cell proliferation occur
Answer new cells grow as old cells die, and they grow when the body needs more cells
- what is contact inhibition in regards to normal cell growth
Answer contact inhibition is a regulatory mechanisms that functions to keep cells growing in a layer one cell thick
- how does proliferation occur in each body tissue
Answer proliferation differs in different tissues - bone marrow is different than hair follicles or heart lining, etc.
- what happens in the mitosis phase of cell growth
Answer cells split or divide 1 / 3
- what is different versus cancer cells and regular cells
Answer they grow at the same rate, but cancer cells divide haphazardly and can cause tumors/growths due to growing in more layers than regular cells
- what is an oncogene
Answer mutated forms of genes that turn normal cells in to cancer cells
- What is a proto oncogene?
Answer these control how often cells divide and to the degree of which it differentiates - *like a gas pedal in a car*
- what is differentiation
Answer process where cells *change* from one cell type to another - *cell no longer looks like parent cell*
- what are tumor suppressive genes
Answer these slow down cell division - they keep a cell from dividing too quickly and becoming cancer cells *like a brake pedal in a car*
- what does the P53 gene indicate
Answer tumor marker than could be bladder, breast, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian or esophageal cancer
- what does the BRCA1, BRCA2 gene indicate
Answer breast and ovarian cancer
- what does the APC gene indicate 2 / 3
Answer colorectal cancer
- what can we compare the proto oncogene and tumor suppressive genes to
Answer a checks and balance system - protooncogene = growth, tumor suppressive gene = slowing growth
- describe a benign tumor
Answer encapsulated tumor, grows slowly, well differentiated (looks like parent cell), can be locally destructive but not metastasis - i.e. lipoma *this is better than malignant*
- describe a malignant tumor
Answer there is no capsule so its not contained, often causes necrosis/hemorrhage, can invade other tissues - these love blood supply and usually poorly differentiated- can metastasize
- what are the 3 stages of cancer development
Answer initiation, promotion, progres- sion
- describe the initiation phase of cancer development
Answer this is the start of cancer - cell mutation begins. can be inherited or following exposure to chemical, radiation, or virus
- describe the promotion phase of cancer development
- / 3
Answer these promote growth of cancer - can be *reversible* - if we stop promoting agents we may be able to prevent cancer