NUR 2206 Exam 2 - - Complete a full cycle every 24 hours - Affect...

NUR 2206 Exam 2

• Circadian rhythms

Answer

• Biologic clocks regulate functions
• Complete a full cycle every 24 hours
• Affect fluctuations in VS, metabolism, mood, performance, etc.
• Affected by light/dark
• Some situations and conditions can cause disruption

• Non-Rem Sleep

Answer

• 75% of total sleep

• Parasympathetic nervous system dominates (rest and digest)

• NREM sleep characteristics

Answer

• DECREASED temp, HR, RR, BP, metabolic rate

• Profound restfulness
• Slow, rolling eye movements
• Muscle relaxation
• Decreased seizure threshold

• NREM stage 1

Answer

• Transitional stage drift from wakefulness to sleep

• Lasts minutes (5% of total sleep)
• Person feels drowsy, relaxed
• Can be easily awakened
• Eyes roll from side to side
• Involuntary muscle jerking 1 / 3

• HR and RR decrease slightly

• NREM stage 2

Answer

• Light sleep-easily aroused

• Body continues to slow down
• Eyes are still
• DECREASED temp, HR, RR, BMR
• 50-55% of total sleep

• NREM stage 3

Answer

• Body processes slow down

• Deep sleep-more difficult
• Profound muscle relaxation
• Thought that growth hormone is released in this stage
• 10% of total sleep

• NREM stage 4 (delta sleep)

Answer

• DECREASED temp, HR, RR, BP, metabolic rate

• HR and RR <20-30% wakeful state
• Muscles very relaxed-rarely move
• Deepest sleep - very difficult to arouse
• Brain waves slow
• Thought to restore body physically
• Protein synthesis and tissue repair
• 10% of total sleep

• REM sleep (25%)

Answer

• Sympathetic nervous system dominates (fight or flight)

• Report dreams if aroused 2 / 3

• Associated with changes in cerebral blood flow
• Increased cortical activity
• Increased O2 consumption
• Release of epinephrine

• REM sleep characteristics

Answer

• Irregular eye movements

• Vivid, colorful dreaming
• INCREASED gastric secretions
• Erections in males of all ages
• INCREASED temp, HR, RR, BP, metabolic rate
• DECREASED muscle tone, DTRs
• Restores the mind
• Involved in mental and emotional balance
• Helps with learning, memory, and adaptation
• Associated with adrenal hormone release
• Potential for dysrhythmias and apneic episodes

• sleep cycle

Answer

• Cycle repeats 4-5 times nightly

• Each cycle lasts ~90-100 minutes
• Lengthens towards morning

If awakened, return to NREM stage 1

• More delta (deep) sleep occurs first half of the night

• factors affecting sleep

Answer

• Developmental considerations Infants sleep more

Older adults sleep less (less REM)

• Psychological stress
• Motivation
• Culture
• / 3