NUR 2206 Oxygenation

NUR 2206 Oxygenation

• Ventilation

Answer Inspiration and Expiration through the lungs

-Determined by ... Compliance (stretchability of the lungs), Airway Resistance (ob- struction to airflow), accessory muscles (Intercostal spaces, diaphragm, etc), and force of exhalation

• What stimulates inspiration?

Answer Increased CO2 in the arterial blood (PaCO2)

• Alterations in Ventilation

Answer Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Diffusion

Answer Movement of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and capillaries from a higher pressure to a lower pressure

• Atelectasis

Answer collapse of the lung (no exchange/diffusion-->breathing issues)

*IMMOBILITY CAUSES THIS*

• Pneumothorax

Answer air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall (collapsed lung)

• Perfusion 1 / 3

Answer Delivery of oxygenated blood to the body tissues.

• Perfusion NEEDS

Answer -Adequate pulmonary circulation

-Adequate hemoglobin to carry O2 -Adequate Cardiac output to transport blood to body tissues

• Anemia

Answer A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglo- bin, or in total volume (alters perfusion)

• Oxygen Transport is affected by...

Answer -Amount of O2 entering lungs (ventilation)

-Pulmonary circuit -Adequacy of diffusion (gas exchange) -Amount of hemoglobin to carry O2 -Cardiac output to transport blood to body tissues -Peripheral circulation

• Hypoxia

Answer Inadequate O2 available to cells (problem with ventilation, diffusion, or perfusion)

*Acute v. Chronic*

• Acute hypoxia signs and symptoms

Answer •Dyspnea (trouble breathing)

• Increased BP • Tachypnea (increased RR) 2 / 3

• Tachycardia (increased HR) • Pallor • Cyanosis • Anxiety • Restlessness • Confusion • Drowsiness

• Chronic Hypoxia signs and symptoms

Answer •Effects of long-term oxygen deprivation seen in ALL body systems

• Clubbing of fingers and toes • Weakness (chronic lack of O2) • Muscle pain (lack of O2 in muscles) • Decreased urinary output • Constipation • Anorexia • Headache • Chest pain • Altered thought processes

• A patient who has difficulty breathing, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and pale skin

with some cyanosis may be suffering from which of the following?

• hyperventilation
• hypoxia
• perfusion

• atelectasis

Answer (B) Hypoxia

• Factors affecting Oxygenation

Answer

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