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NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 2 LATEST 2025
COMPLETE EXAM |ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+|
NEWEST!!
what are the 4 sensations a patient may feel when having contrast dye - ANSWER - warmth sensation, salty taste, headache, nausea
what do you need to assess before giving a patient contrast - ANSWER - allergy to iodine, previous hypersensitivity reaction, serum creatinine and BUN
How long do you need to wait before taking a urine test after having contrast? - ANSWER - 24 hours (if sooner the dye can interfere with the results)
what should you educate the patient to do after having contrast dye - ANSWER - increase fluid consumption
How long before having contrast should you discontinue metformin - ANSWER - 2 days before
What does CAT stand for? What can it distinguish between? - ANSWER
- computerized axial tomography; almost all types of tissues except for
nerves, benign v malignant tumors 1 / 4
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pg. 2 What does IVP stand for? what is it used for? do you need to bowel prep? - ANSWER - Intravenous Urography; see the ability of the urinary tract to excrete dyes; yes bowel prep, can be hard to see if there are feces
What does MRI stand for? What does it do? What is contraindicated with it? - ANSWER - Magnetic resonance imaging; images clearly define internal organ structure, show changes to tissues, and determine benign or malignant tumors; metal objects of any kind are contraindicated (MRI machine is like one big magnet)
what imaging type is the best for detecting gallstones? - ANSWER - abdominal ultrasound
in what kind of ultrasounds would you need a full bladder for and why?
- ANSWER - pelvic/gyno exams; the extra water in the bladder helps
conduct the waves of the ultrasound
ultrasounds do not require any special prep (t/F) - ANSWER - false- pt needs to be NPO by food for 12 hours and may need extra bowel prep before exam
what are ultrasounds considered the major diagnostic tool for? - ANSWER - liver, spleen, Pancreas, hepatobiliary tract
what 2 imaging types do not use radiation to create a picture - ANSWER
- MRI (magnets) and ultrasound (soundwaves)
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pg. 3 what is considered the gold standard for evaluating heart valves - ANSWER - echocardiogram
what kind of imaging is used when doing an echocardiogram - ANSWER - ultrasound
What is an echocardiogram used for - ANSWER - determine abnormalities in the heart chambers and structures, identify pleural effusion and cardiac tamponade, and evaluating heart valves
what does EGD stand for - ANSWER - esophagogastroduodenoscopy
How do you prep for an EGD? - ANSWER - NPO for 6-8 hours, anesthetic spray for the back of the throat, conscious sedation by demerol, versed, or valium
What are EGDs used for - ANSWER - ID and biopsy abnormal tissue, Determine exact site and cause of upper GI bleeding, Evaluate gastric ulcers, Evaluate stomach/duodenum post-gastric surgery, Investigate causes of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and epigastric pain
What should you educate a patient about for after an EGD - ANSWER - they will burp lots of air, back of throat will be sore, and they can't eat until gag reflex returns`
What 5 things should you assess about pulses - ANSWER - rate, rhythm, amplitude (force), symmetry, variations (and possible causes) 3 / 4
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pg. 4 What side of the stethoscope do you use for listening for bruits? - ANSWER - The bell
What 4 arteries do you need to listen to bruits in? - ANSWER - temporal, carotid, abdominal aorta, renal/femoral arteries
What do you need to ask the pt to do when listening for a bruit in the carotid artery? - ANSWER - To hold their breath - breath sounds are too loud to hear bruit over
What are 3 main causes of carotid bruit - ANSWER - transmitted murmurs, obstructive arterial disease, vigorous left ventricular ejection
What is often the first symptom in peripheral arterial diseases? - ANSWER - Claudication (pain due to muscle ischemia)
What causes claudication and what does it feel like - ANSWER - lack of oxygen to the tissue caused by sustained activity; dull ache with muscle fatigue and cramps; happens DISTAL to a site of stenosis
What are some things to check in regards to peripheral circulation - ANSWER - pulses (weak/thready?), bruits, loss of warmth, Localized pallor /cyanosis, collapsed superficial veins, atrophied skin, loss of hair, skin mottling
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