NUR 2474 Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Characteristics of ideal medication
Answer Effectiveness Safety
Selectivity reversible predictable easy to administer free from interactions low cost chemical stability simple generic name
- What properties of medications need to be considered when prescribed?-
Answer Pharmacokinetics. Drugs in the same class (or different formulations of the same drug) may have different bioavailability, dose-concentration curves and half-lives. ... Pharmacodynamics. ...
Therapeutic efficacy and safety ..... Cost-effectiveness.
- Patient specific variabilities affecting response to medications
Answer Variation in the response to equivalent drug concentrations arises because of various factors, such as differences in receptor number and structure, receptor-coupling mech- anisms and physiological changes in target organs resulting from differences in genetics, age and health.
- Pharmacodynamics
Answer what the drug does to the body
- Pharmacokinetics
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Answer The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
- Pharmacotherapeutics
Answer study of the use of drugs in treating disease
- Half-life of a drug
Answer is the time required for one-half of an administered drug to be lost through metabolism and elimination; different for each drug
- Routes of medication administration
Answer oral, mucosal, topical, parenteral
- Oral Medications negatives
Answer (1) the layer of epithelial cells that lines the GI tract, and (2) the capillary wall. Because the walls of the capillaries that serve the GI tract offer no significant resistance to absorption, the major barrier to absorption is the GI epithelium. To cross this layer of tightly packed cells, drugs must pass through cells rather than between them. For some drugs, intestinal absorption may be reduced by PGP, a transporter that can pump certain drugs out of epithelial cells back into the intestinal lumen.
Absorption Pattern Because of multiple factors, the rate and extent of drug absorption after oral admin- istration can be highly variable. Factors that can influence absorption include (1) the solubility and stability of the drug, (2) gastric and intestinal pH, (3) gastric emptying
time, (4) food in the gut, (5) the coadministration of other drugs, and (6) special coatings on the drug preparation.
- benefits of oral route
Answer •Easy to use
• Easy for self administration • Wide variety of medications Cost Reversability
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