NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Quiz Module 5
- How do all diuretics work?
Answer Blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney, causing water, sodium and chloride to be excreted in the urine from the body, along with potassium.
- When is the best time to give a diuretic medication?
Answer in the morning, so the patient does not have to get up at night to go pee.
- What things should we monitor when giving a patient any diuretic?
Answer elec- trolyte imbalances and for fluid volume deficit (sodium- seizures and cerebral ede- ma, potassium- can cause EKG changes)
- What are diuretics normally used to treat?
Answer fluid volume overload, hyperten- sion, heart failure, renal and liver failure, lowers peripheral edema and pulmonary edema
- What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics?
Answer they pull water into the renal system from the surrounding tissues, and produces rapid diuresis.
- What are osmotic diuretics used to treat?
Answer renal failure, reduce ICP, treat cerebral edema, reduce IOP.
- What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics?
Answer 1 / 3
pulmonary edema,HF, re- bound increased ICP, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances
- What are important drug interactions with osmotic diuretics?
Answer lithium and digoxin - can be toxic
- What should we use when administering an osmotic diuretic through the IV?
Answer filter- this medication can crystalize when exposed to lower temperatures.
- What is the mechanism of action for K sparing diuretics?
Answer binds to aldos- terone receptors to promote Na and water excretion, but will also cause potassium to be retained.
- What are K sparing diuretics used to treat?
Answer hypertension, HF, pediatric HF, hyperaldosteronism ( binds to aldosterone to excrete it), edema
- What are the side effects for K sparing diuretics?
Answer hyperkalemia, drowsiness, benign and malignant tumors, endocrine effects
- What is important to monitor with the use of K sparing diuretics?
Answer K levels- because hyperkalemia may occur and cause life threading dysrhythmias
- What are important drug interactions with use of K sparing diuretics?
Answer thi- azide and loop diuretics, agents that raise the potassium levels, lithium, RAAS drugs
- What is the mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics? 2 / 3
Answer they inhibit reab- sorption of sodium, chloride, potassium and water, causing them to be excreted. they also elevate levels of calcium, uric acid, and glucose.
- What population of patients should we not use thiazide diuretics with?
Answer -
patients with renal disease
- What is thiazide diuretics used to treat?
Answer 1st choice for hypertension, edema, HF, diabetes insipidous
- What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?
Answer hypo na, cl, k, and dehydra- tion, hyper glycemic and uricemia,
- What are important drug interactions with use of thiazide diuretics?
Answer digox- in, lithium, antihypertensives- causes a additive effect
- What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics?
Answer acts on the ascending loop of Henle's to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, causing excretion
- What is the intended use of loop diuretics?
- / 3
Answer pulmonary edema, HF, edema, hypertension, hypercalcemia