NUR 253 Concepts of Mental Health Nursing
Exam 4
Question:
Inhalant use disorder
Answer:
Volatile hydrocarbons are toxic gases inhaled through the nose or mouth to enter the bloodstream.
"Sudden sniffing death" from cardiac arrhythmias may occur with inhalants, particularly with butane and propane.
Physical responses to inhalant intoxication include: nausea, anorexia,
nystagmus, depressed reflexes, and diplopia.
High doses and long exposure can lead to stupor, unconsciousness, and amnesia. Delirium, dementia, and psychosis
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Question:
Treatment for Inhalants
Answer:
usually does not require any treatment.
- Serious and potentially fatal responses such as: coma, cardiac arrhythmias,
or bronchospasm do happen.
- This self-limiting (a few hours to a few weeks) problem may require careful
use of haloperidol (Haldol) to manage severe agitation.
Question:
Withdrawal from Inhalants
Answer:
SXS: sweating, tachycardia, insomnia, N/V, tremors, agitation, seizure, and
hallucinations
Question:
Opioid intoxication
Answer:
People intoxicated on opioids exhibit psychomotor retardation, drowsiness, slurred speech, altered mood, and impaired memory and attention. They also exhibit pupillary constriction. Intense drowsiness can lead to a coma.
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Question:
Opioid Withdrawal
Answer:
- Morphine, heroin, and methadone withdrawal syndrome begins 6 to 8
hours after the last dose following a period of at least a week of use.
- Meperidine (Demerol) withdrawal begins within 8 to 12 hours from
abstinence and lasts about 5 days.
Question:
Opioid overdose
Answer:
Death attributable to opioids usually stems from respiratory arrest due to the respiratory depressant effect of the drug.
Symptoms of overdose include: unresponsiveness, slow respiration, coma,
hypothermia, hypotension, and bradycardia.
**Three symptoms—coma, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression—are strongly suggestive of overdose.**
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