NUR 265 Advanced Concepts of Medical–Surgical Nursing
Exam 1
Question:
What is cirrhosis?
Answer:
An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.
Question:
What are common causes of cirrhosis?
Answer:
-ETOH -Viral hepatitis (HEP C)
- Autoimmune hepatitis
-Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic)
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Question:
What are early S/S of cirrhosis?
Answer:
-Enlarged liver -Fatigue -Weight loss -Anorexia -N/V -Abdominal pain
Question:
What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis?
Answer:
-Ascites -Small liver -clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed) -Jaundice -Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose) -Hepatic encephalopathy -Decreased bile production
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Question:
What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy?
Answer:
-Stage 1: personality changes, subtle things that may not be recognized
-Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion, disorientation to
time, place, and person
-Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration
-Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in most
patients, unarousable
Question:
What causes hepatic encephalopathy?
Answer:
The buildup of ammonia in the body
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Question:
Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis patient.
Answer:
-Ascites -Jaundice -Coagulation problems -Fatigue -Spider angiomas -Petechiae -Liver flaps (asterixis)
Question:
What is a Blake-Moore tube used for?
Answer:
Esophageal Varices
Question:
Describe a paracentesis.
Answer:
-A procedure that is needed to get rid of the fluid in the abdomen -Have the pt. void before the procedure (ensures the bladder is out of the way and wont get punctured) -Patient is positioned in fowlers position in bed
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