NUR 280 FINAL EXAM
- First line of defense (innate immunity)
Physical barriers Answer -skin -linings of the gastrointenstinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts -sloughly off of cells -coughing and sneezing -vomiting -mucus and cilia Epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers -synthesized and secreted salivia, tears, sweats, and mucus
- second line of defense
Answer
Inflammatory response— first immune response to injury
-caused by a variety of materials *infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, radiation
- Third line of defense
Answer
adaptive immunity 1 / 4
- adaptive immunity
Answer
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
E.i. A person who has recovered from measles is protected for life against measles
- Primary intention healing
Answer
Occurs where the tissue surfaces have been approximated, and there is minimal or no tissue loss— stitches after incision
- Secondary intention healing
Answer
Wounds that require a great deal more tissue replacement —open wounds
- innate immunity (natural immunity)
Answer
Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
-e.i skin
- Hypersensitivity
Answer
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the most 2 / 4
-characterized by the immune mechanism Four types
- Type I- most common hypersensitivity
Answer
IgE mediated
- Type II
Answer
tissue-specific reactions
- Type III
Answer
immune complex mediated
- Type IV
Answer
cell mediated
- Type I
Answer
IgE mediated - allergy
Against environmental antigens (allergens) Ex peanuts, pollen, med-penicillin Histamine release -H1 and H2 receptors 3 / 4
-antihistamines Manifestations
Answer
-itching, urticaria, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, hypotension, bronchospasm, dysrhthmias, GI cramps and malabsorption
- Type II
Answer
IgG and IgM mediated— tissue specific
-specific cell or tissue (tissue specific antigens) is the target of an immune response Ex hypothyroidism/Graves' disease
- Type III
Answer
Immune complex mediated
-antigen-antibody complexes are formed in the circulation and are later deposited in vessel walls or extra vascular tissues -not organ specific -induce a massive inflammatory response
Example
Answer
serum sickness—typically affects blood vessels, joints and kidneys
- Type IV
- / 4