NUR 314 Intro to Pharmacology Exam Study Guide Pharmacology - Correct Answer the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems Drug - Correct Answer Comes from pants, animals, minerals, synthetic compounds, genetically altered compounds Turn on a body's response, turn off a response, increase a response, decrease a response, or block a response Used to cure, diagnose, treat/relieve, or prevent Clinical pharmacology - Correct Answer the study of drugs in humans and their clinical use Therapeutics - Correct Answer The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy; the medical use of a drug Why the drug is prescribed.what we want the drug to do Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer what the body does to the drug The four phases of pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer Absorption (occurs in the blood via GI tract, skin, mucous membranes, or direct injection); Distribution (transport of the drug from the site of absorption to the site of action); Metabolism (occurs in the liver, kidneys, or site of action); and Excretion (occurs in the kidneys, bile, or stool) Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answer what the drug does to the body Plasma drug level - Correct Answer drug level measured in the pt's blood Minimum effective concentration - Correct Answer minimum concentration of drug in plasma required to produce the therapeutic effect Toxic concentration - Correct Answer level of harmful effects that a drug can have that may cause permanent injury or death 1 / 2
Therapeutic range - Correct Answer dosage range or blood plasma or serum concentration usually expected to achieve desired therapeutic effects Drug potency - Correct Answer how many particles of a drug (mcg, mg, etc.) are needed to produce the intended/desired effect Maximal drug efficacy - Correct Answer (Emax) the largest effect that a drug can produce Controlled substance - Correct Answer drugs that are categorized by federal law according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse Agnoist drug-receptor interaction - Correct Answer molecule that activates receptors; something that fits the receptor and CREATES the action that we are looking for Antagonist - Correct Answer blocks the receptor site to PREVENT endogenous substances, or other drugs, from binding Partial agonist - Correct Answer molecule that produces a response but not as great as a full agonist (buprenorphine) Receptor - Correct Answer the specific target site for a drug to bind, usually on the cell membrane surface, but may be inside the cell Ideal drug - Correct Answer Low cost, reversible, predictable, easy to give, no drug interactions, simple generic name Drug distribution - Correct Answer transportation of a drug to its site of action from its site of absorption affected by: blood flow tissues, drug movement between vasculature and cells, lipophillicity, hydrophillicity, and protein binding Drug absorption - Correct Answer getting the drug from its location of administration to the bloodstream for circulation
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