NUR 325 Antihypertensives
- what increases as BP increases?
Answer risk of MI, heart failure, stroke, renal disease, retinopathy
- what is a normal SBP and DBP?
Answer <120 and <80
- what is a elevated SBP and DBP?
Answer 120-129 and <80
- what is hypertension stage 1 SBP and DBP?
Answer 130-139 or 80-89
- what is hypertension stage 2 SBP and DBP?
Answer >140 or >90
- what is blood pressure?
Answer force exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels
- why is blood pressure important?
Answer to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest
8. BP = 1 / 3
Answer CO x SVR
- what affects cardiac output?
Answer heart rate, contractility, conductivity, renin-an- giotensin-aldosterone system, natriuretic peptides
- what affects systemic vascular resistance?
Answer prostaglandins, nitric oxide, an- giotensin, norepinephrine, endothelia, alpha1 and alpha2- adrenergic receptors, beta2-adrenergic receptors
- what are the risk factors for hypertension?
Answer age, alcohol use, tobacco use, diabetes, elevated serum lipids, excess dietary sodium, gender, family history, obesity, ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, socioeconomic status, stress
- why is hypertension called the "silent killer"?
Answer asymptomatic until severe and target organ disease occurs
- what are the clinical manifestations of hypertension?
Answer fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, angina, dyspnea
- where do target organ diseases occur most frequently?
Answer heart and brain
- what are target organ diseases of the heart?
Answer 2 / 3
coronary artery disease, ath- erosclerosis
- what are target organ diseases of the brain?
Answer TIA/stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertensive encephalopathy
- what lifestyle modifications should be made for hypertension?
Answer weight reduction, sodium restriction, DASH diet, alcohol restriction, 30 minutes of exercise 5 days a week, smoking cessation
- how does weight reduction affect blood pressure?
Answer for every 1 kg of weight lost, BP will decrease by 1 mmHg
- how should sodium be restricted for hypertension?
Answer <2300 mg of Na/day
- what is the DASH diet?
Answer fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, nuts, fish, poultry
- how should alcohol be restricted for hypertension?
- drink daily for women, 2 drinks daily for men
Answer
- what should be taught to clients with hypertension?
- / 3
Answer take medication as prescribed, take BP and HR before each dose, monitor daily weight, start at low