NUR 325 Diabetes Drugs

NUR 325 Diabetes Drugs

• what is the prototype for sulfonylureas?

Answer glipizide (Glucotrol)

• what is the pharmacologic action of sulfonylureas?

Answer

• stimulates release of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas

• will lower blood glucose levels whether high or low

• which generation of Sulfonylureas is more potent with fewer drug interactions?

Answer 2nd Gen

• what are the pharmacokinetics of sulfonylureas?

Answer

• liver metabolism

• urine excretion

• what is the administration of sulfonylureas?

Answer 30 mins before meals, some- times split dose BID

• what are you monitoring in sulfonylureas?

Answer

• intermittent glucose levels

• LFTs, BUN, Cr at baseline
• If over 65, continue to monitor BUN and Cr 1 / 2

• what are the adverse effects of sulfonyreas?

Answer

• hypoglycemia

• nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn
• photosensitivity (sulfa)
• possible sudden cardiac death

• what are the contraindications/precautions of sulfonylureas?

Answer

• sulfa allergy

• hepatic or renal impairment
• drug accumulation
• avoid in pregnancy and lactation
• diabetic ketoacidosis

• what are the drug interactions for sulfonylureas?

Answer

• hypoglycemia

acute alcohol ingestion, antidiabetics, NSAIDs, sulfonamide antibiotics, cimetidine

• disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
• beta-blockers suppress insulin release, inhibit breakdown of glycogen to glucose, and mask

symptoms of hypoglycemia

• what is the expected pharmacological action of biguanides?

Answer

• decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines

• decreases synthesis of glucose by the liver
• increases sensitivity of insulin receptors, decreasing insulin resistance

• what are the advantages of biguanides?
• / 2