NUR 325 Electrolyte Imbalances
- hypovolemia
Answer Too little Fluid (ECV deficit)
- Clinical Manifestations of Hypovolemia
- sudden weight loss
- skin tenting
- dry mucous membranes
- vascular underload
- rapid thready pulse
- postural BP drop with HR increase
- lightheadedness
- flat neck veins when supine
- oliguria (low urine output)
- syncope (loss of consciousness)
- circulatory shock if severe
- pallor
- lower body temperature
Answer
- Causes of Hypovolemia
- Extreme Dehydration/Malnutrition 1 / 2
Answer -Water & Blood loss -Gastrointestinal losses -Severe burns -Third spacing(Fluids go to other body cavities) -Excessive sweating -Fever -Medications -Trauma
- diagnosis of hypovolemia
Answer increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) levels
- treatment of hypovolemia
Answer Fluid replacement Increase the amount of fluid volume in body (fluid resuscitation) Treat underlying cause Blood transfusion
- Client Education of hypovolemia
Answer Would recommend increasing intake of water/liquids. Stay alert for any identifying factors that could show dehydration occur- ring.
Wear PPE to avoid severe cuts and burns Treat illnesses and infections immediately Avoid activities that cause excessive sweating
- Hypervolemia
Answer Too much fluid/water (ECV excess)
- Causes of hypervolemia
Answer Heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy, excess IV fluid
- Clinical manifestations of hypervolemia
Answer Sudden weight gain, dependent edema, vascular overload
bounding pulse, distended neck veins when upright, dyspnea, pulmonary edema if severe
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