NUR 326 Exam 5
- 140 or more / 90 or less
Answer stage 2 HTN is
2. 130-139/ 80-89
Answer stage 1 HTN is
- 120-129/ 80 or less
Answer elevated BP is
- SBP of 180 or more and/or DBP over 120 or higher
- CO, preload, afterload, contractilty
Answer BP for a hypertensive crisisi is1
Answer determinants of BP
- cardiac output
- stroke volume
- impacted by preload, afterload, contractility
- preload
Answer the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute (4-6 L/min); aka systolic pressure.
Answer The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction (60-130 ml)
Answer volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
- afterload
Answer Resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle.
- systemic vascular resistance 1 / 3
Answer resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systemic circulatory system; aka diastolic pressure.
- contractility
Answer Force generated by the contracting myocardium.Enhanced by circulating catecholamines, sympathetic neuronal activity, and certain medications.
- beta 1 receptors
Answer increase heart rate and contractility
- beta 2 receptors
Answer
- dilates bronchi
- relaxes uterine smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle contraction
- beta-3 receptors
Answer help stimulate the RAAS system in the kidney
- Rening Angiotensin-aldosterone system
- decreased perfusion to the affer- ent renal artery causes renin release
- combines with angiotensinogen to form angiotensin 1
- ACE converts ang. 1 to ang. 2
- vasoconstriction occurs
- aldosterone is released to increase na/water retention and blood volume
- blood pressure increases
- epinephrine and norepinephrine
- first line interventions for HTN
Answer
Answer Neurotransmitters secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress..increases HR and BP.
Answer
- stress reduction
- weight reduction
- exercise
- decreased sodium 2 / 3
- limit alcohol
- smoking cessation
- ACE inhibitors
- captopril (prototype), other "-prils"
- Action
Answer
Answer Prevents conversion of angiotesin I to ang. II. Lowers BP with little change to CO or HR -Indications
Answer used for HTN, MI, and HF -Adverse effects
Answer cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, neutropenia, insomnia, tachy- cardia -Black box
Answer not for use during pregnancy
- contraindications
Answer K+ sparing diuretics (spironolactone), salt substitutes w/K+ -Other
Answer take captopril 1 hr before food. Increases Lithium and digoxin concentrations. Does not work as well when used alone in African Americans and older adults.
- angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
Answer
- lorsartan, other "-sartans", o. medoxomil
- Action
- Indications
- / 3
Answer blocks vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II at the receptors in vascular smooth muscle and increases renal blood flow; decreases BP.