NUR 330 Exam 5
- severe visual impairment
Answer inability to read newsprint even with glasses
- total blindness
Answer no light perception and no usable vision
- functional blindness
Answer has some light perception but no usable vision
- legal blindness
Answer having central visual field acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with correction or a peripheral visual field of 20 degrees or less (includes both functional and total blindness)
- keratoconjunctivitis
Answer fancy word for dry eyes; common in older adults; "sand in the eye"; typically worsens throughout the day
pathophysiology
decreases in quality or quantity of the tear film treatment
artificial tears, ointments, closure of the lacrimal puncta
- age related macular degeneration 1 / 3
Answer most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over age 60 in the US; dry or wet
- Dry AMD
Answer most common form; close vision tasks become difficult; macular cells start to atrophy due to accumulation of yellowish extracellular deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium called drusen; progressive and painless
- drusen
Answer yellowish extracellular deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium
- Wet AMD
Answer more severe than other form; rapid onset; development of abnormal blood vessels in/near the macula
blood vessels grow into the retinal epithelium instead of choroid; vessels leak and scar tissue forms; begins as dry AMD
- etiology of AMD
Answer genetic, UV light exposure, hyperopia (farsightedness), smoking, light colored eyes, nutritonal deficits (dark, green, leafy vegetables may help reduce risk)
- clinical manifestations of AMD
Answer blurred or darkened vision; scotomas (blind spots); metamorphopsia (distortion of vision)
- scotomas
Answer blind spot 2 / 3
- metamorphosphia
Answer distortion of vision
- photodynamic light therapy
Answer treatment of AMD; uses verteporfin and cold laser; can be activated by exposure to sunlight and as a result the patient should avoid direct sunlight exposure for 5 days after treatment
- treatment of dry AMD
Answer inhibit epithelia growth factor
- treatment of wet AMD
Answer destroy abnormal blood vessels
- functional hearing loss
Answer may be caused by an emotional or psychological factor
- tinnitus
Answer perception of sound in the ears where no external source is present
- conductive hearing loss
Answer occurs when conditions in the outer or middle ear impair the transmission of sound through air to the inner ear
- presbycusis
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