NUR 330 Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
Answer includes schizophrenia, schizoaffective, delusional, and schizotypical disorders, brief psychotic disorder, and substance/ medication - induced psychotic disorders.
- Etiology of Schizophrenia
Answer Biology Theories
•Genetic Associations
have been identified in a number of regions in the brain, and some have already been tied to neuropathways related to cognitive deficits.
• Neurodevelopment the pathologic processes caused by genetic and environmental factors that begin before the brain reaches its adult state.
• Dopamine Dysregulation
• Role of Other Receptors
- Etiology of Schizophrenia
Answer Psychological Theory
•Social Factors
• Childhood trauma • Living in an urban environment • Being a member of a minority • Barriers to obtaining necessary treatment and recovery • Social stigma 1 / 2
- Diagnostic Criteria
Answer Schizophrenia
•"Characterized by positive and negative symptoms that are present for a significant portion of a 1-month period with contin- uous signs of disturbance persisting for 6 months"
• A. "Two (or more) of the following ... At least one of these must be #s 1, 2, or 3 1.Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition)"
- Diagnostic Criteria
Answer Schizophrenia cont ..
•B. "For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning)."
• C. "Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated)
that meet Criterion A (i.e., active-phase symptoms) and may include periods of prodromal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or by two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A present in an attenuated form (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences)."
- Diagnostic Criteria
Answer Schizophrenia cont ..
•D. "Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms, or 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, they have been present for a minority of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness."
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