NUR 339 Exam 12
- What are the functions of water?
Answer -transport nutrients
-remove wastes -regulate body temperature
- What % is the adult body weight water?
Answer
50-60%
- What are the two compartments of fluid in the body?
Answer -ICF
intracellular fluid
= 70% total body H2O
-ECF
extracellular fluid = 30% total body H2O
- What fluids are included in the ECF?
Answer -Plasma = 1/4 of the ECF
-Interstitial fluid = 3/4 of the ECF -Also lymph, bone and connective tissue fluid, special spaces (synovial, CSF, peritoneal, pleural fluids)
- What separates the 3 fluids from eachother?
Answer 1 / 4
Cell and capillary membranes
- What does the ECF contain?
Answer Large amounts of Na and CL and small amounts of K, Mg, Ca, and phosphate
- What does the ICF contain?
Answer Large amounts of K and small amounts of Ca, Na, Cl, bicarb, Mg, and phosphate
- How are the ECF levels of electrolytes measured?
Answer Clinically (by lab results).
- What factors influence the amount of body water?
Answer -Age
-Gender -Ratio of lean body mass to body fat
- What is the total body water like in the elderly?
Answer Higher body fat, less lean mass; TBW is lower (45-47%)
- What is the total body water like in infants?
Answer Higher surface area and meta- bolic rate; TBW is higher (80%)
- What is the total body water like in males?
Answer -More lean mass, less fat;
-TBW = 60-65% 2 / 4
- What is the total body water like in females?
Answer -Less lean mass, more fat
-TBW = 50%
- What is included in the intake of fluid?
Answer -Oral
-Water in food -IVs
- What is included in the output of fluid?
Answer -Urine
Answer average uo is 60 ml/hour (<30 ml/hr may be considered renal compromise)
-Stool -Drains -Insensible losses ^skin ^lungs
- What is the best way to measure fluid status?
Answer Daily weights
- What are the conditions that affect total body water and I&O?
Answer -Fever - 10% increase in water loss with each increase in degree Celsius!
-Vomiting 3 / 4
-Diarrhea -Diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia -Diabetes insipidus (deficit of ADH) -Surgical drains -Mechanical ventilation and tachypnea -Burns
-Medications (eg
Answer diuretics)
-Enteral feedings
- How does diabetes mellitus affectTBW and I & O?
Answer Polydipsia, polyuria - fluid loss through kidneys
- What are electrolytes?
Answer Substances that dissociate in solution to form charged particles (ions)
- What are cations?
Answer Positive charge
Answer Na, K, Ca, Mg, H
- What are anions?
Answer Negative charge
Answer Cl, P04, HCO3
- What are the key functions of electrolytes?
- / 4