NUR 339 Exam 17
- What is neoplasia?
Answer new growth of cells disorder of altered cell differentiation and GROWTH
- What is a neoplasm?
Answer tumor
- What is cell proliferation?
- what is cell differentiation?
Answer process that provides body with means for replacing cells as needed usually has a balance between # cells dying and # cells proliferating
Answer process by which proliferating cells are transformed into specialized cell types, which determines their function
- What kind of cells remain incompletely differentiated throughout life?
Answer stem cells
- What is anaplasia?
Answer lack of cell differentiation
- G1 (Gap 1)
Answer 1st stage of cell cycle cell prepares to make DNA
- S phase 1 / 4
Answer DNA synthesis
**most mutations occur during this phase**
- G2 phase
Answer cell prepares for mitosis (cell division)
- M phase
Answer mitosis
- G0 phase
Answer resting phase (becomes mitotically dormant)
- what are entry into and progression thru cell cycle phases controlled by?
Answer proteins called cyclins and their inhibitors
- 2 tissue types of neoplasms
Answer parenchymal (organ cells) stromal (supporting tissue-connective, vascular)
- benign neoplasms
Answer well-differentiated cells slow growth rate
localized less blood supply
- naming benign tumors 2 / 4
tissue name + "-oma" ex. osteoma = benign bone tumor
- malignant neoplasms
Answer cancer atypical cell structure
lose differentiation or resemblance to origin cell irregular growth; no capsule invade adjacent cells more blood supply
- what is the hallmark sign of malignancy?
Answer ability to metastasize or spread to distant sites
- naming epithelial tissue tumors
Answer tissue name + "carcinoma"
- naming mesenchymal tissue tumors
Answer tissue name + "sarcoma"
- How do most cancers metastasize?
Answer in the blood or the lymph
- What do cancer cells need in order to survive in the body?
Answer nutrition/O2/en- ergy
evade the immune system more resilient to normal cells
- What abilities does the tumor need to metastasize? 3 / 4
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produce enzymes that can lyse through their current organ cavity
enzymes to get into the blood/lymph system withstand pressure and new environment avoid the immune system/WBCs
- where do surviving cancer cells go when they leave the lymph nodes?
Answer -
enter venous blood and are carried to major organs
Answer bone, lungs, and brain
- what is another name for an original tumor?
Answer primary neoplasm
- What is another name for the metastatic site?
Answer secondary neoplasm
- What is the growth fraction (GF) of a tumor?
Answer ratio of dividing cells/ G0 cells (resting)
- What types of cancers have a high growth fraction?
Answer aggressive cancers
- what kind of tissues are chemotherapeutic drugs much more toxic to?
Answer tis- sues that have a high growth fraction (aggressive cancers)
- What is the doubling time (TD) of a tumor?
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